Although studies on animal rights and welfare in the field of tourism have begun to emerge in recent years, the subject is still new. In this context, a philosophical approach to animal rights and welfare in the tourism sector is put forward in this study. Concepts commonly used in animal rights and welfare debates, such as moral status, animal love, animal hatred, speciesism, anthropocentrism, ecocentrism are explained and are then discussed in the context of the tourism sector on the philosophical basis of what tourism means for commodified animals. Various proposals are developed for how changes can be made to grant animals in the tourism sector a moral status, both in theory and in practice.

Handling of complaints in airline companies that take customer satisfaction into consideration has a significant impact on customer retention. Customer complaints provide great opportunities for detecting and eliminating weaknesses, and for preventing similar problems. Thus, the airline companies should pay attention to customer complaints in order to improve themselves, increase their profits, and to provide continuity. Within this context, the online complaints made between February 2018 and February 2019 regarding Turkish Airlines in the most-visited customer complaint website in Turkey, ‘www.sikayetvar.com’, were reviewed in this study, and it was aimed to determine the most common subjects of complaint. The complaints were evaluated through one of the qualitative research methods, content analysis. The complaints were categorized, and the most common subjects of customer complaints were determined. This study aims at showing the types of weaknesses in services offered by Turkish Airlines Company. The most common subjects of complaint were found to be damaged and lost luggage, Turkish Airlines loyalty card; Miles and Smiles card, delays, and ticket refunds. At the end of this study, suggestions were made for Turkish Airlines and the literature.

The Fairy Chimneys Tourism Region (FCTR) is located in a historical geographic region called Cappadocia in the central part of Turkey. Cappadocia, with its rich history, natural and cultural attractions, is one of the most visited places by domestic and international tourists and its most important attraction is fairy chimneys. In addition to its natural attractiveness, it has important tourist attractions for cultural and faith tourism. The region also offers a wide range of nature-based tourism activities. Qualitative research methods were used in the study and semi-structured interview technique was used. The study was conducted in Nevsehir province in Turkey. In the research, the following main results were obtained. With the nature-based tourism activities, the duration and expenditures of the tourists have increased. Almost all of the respondents (except balloon business) stated that nature-based tourism activities adversely affect the environment. There are different opinions about the rate of negative effects of sportive activities for tourism purposes on nature and which activity is causing more harm. Those who earn direct income from an activity generally report that there is little or no loss. Problems were identified such as unplanned and uncontrolled activities and lack of legislation. The sector lacks specialized tour guides to work in nature-based tourism activities in the region. Efforts should be initiated to develop and implement new tourism policies in order to ensure long-term sustainable tourism development in the region that does not threaten its future. It should be ensured that all stakeholders work in cooperation.

Tourists seek a variety of experiences and they all participate in tourist mobility in their way. In this study the concept of seeking analysed in the scope of memetics. The tourist meme has identified as a meme that in a close or wide relation with tourist mobility which are carrying information about a place, an era or period of time, a culture, sub-cultures, cultural items, styles, behaviours, individuals themselves, completely imaginary things, a religion or a belief, an event, events or other memes and so on. It is accepted in meme/gene analogy when a meme spread into a brain, it associates with other memes in a kind of package or other words, in a memeplex. For this reason, tourist types accepted as tourist memeplexes and tied theoretically with the concepts of focus and goal. Kanerva’s conception of focus was used to more broadly define what a meme was associated with, as Gabora does. In this statement, memes have accepted in the form of information patterns encoded within the focus indicating the scope and experiential quality of the individual’s awareness. The proposed theoretical model consists of three dimensions. These are tourist memeplex, focus and goal. With this proposal, it is aimed to assess different types of tourist experiences together which were defined by different authors. On the other hand, this model gives a chance to develop a new and complex taxonomy to assess various types of tourist experiences in a single framework.

Coastal tourism is nowadays the most important tourism activity worldwide and its development is based on the optimal combined use of tourism resources available in the coastal region. Over-development of a destination, however, leads to significant environmental, cultural, economic and social impacts on communities and infrastructures of destinations. Important differentiations are, therefore, needed for re-designing existing destinations and developing new and under-developed ones in sustainable ways. This model must be based on a strategy to regulate, control and finance tourism development proposals using universally accepted rules and practices. It is concluded that sustainable tourism development of a certain coastal area requires the involvement of all stakeholders, as well as the strong commitment of the state to ensure broad participation and consensus. Sustainability in tourism is a continuous process that requires thorough impact monitoring and adoption of all necessary measures to prevent, suppress and/or correct all emerging problems on a case-by-case and day-by-day basis.