In recent years, an increase of fattening turkey flocks positive for Salmonella spp. was noted in the European Union. Considering these latest trends, there is a high need to increase knowledge on specific risk factors for fattening turkey flocks in conjunction with successful control measures to combat Salmonella infections on farm. Here, we report a commercial turkey fattening farm that was found positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium for two consecutive batches. By means of the Food Safety Program, a risk assessment developed by Elanco (Antwerpen, Belgium) and a farm walk, a Food Safety Index was generated, highlighting specific risk factors. Consequently, an action plan was set up, leading to a favorable increase in the Food Safety Index from 45% to 67%. Among others, vaccinating fattening turkeys was an important control measure. Monitoring of the Salmonella status of the batches was performed by sampling paper coming from the transport boxes at day of arrival and boot sock samples at the age of 14 weeks. Finally neck skin samples were taken at the slaughterhouse. Uptake of the vaccine was evaluated by sampling of the caeca and taking cloacal swabs 24 hours after first and second vaccination, respectively. Results coming from the analysis of the caeca indicate that vaccination at day one was efficient. Analysis of the cloacal swabs taken after second vaccination was inconclusive. Cooperatively, these actions improved the overall biosecurity of the farm as shown by the negative Salmonella stat us of the boot sock and neck skin samples in the third batch.

A 22-year-old single female presented to primary care Wazarat Health Center at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, with a 3 weeks history of itchy erythematous papules and vesicles and papulo-vesicles over the neck, chest, and upper back and face, which started 4 to 5 days after bariatric surgery. The patient on daily multivitamin supplements, vitamin D (50,000 IU, weekly / 2 months). The patient has lost 4kg since the operation, family history of atopy was positive regarding the mother physical examination shows erythematous papules and vesicles and papulo-vesicles over the neck with crust, chest, and upper back, Based on medical history and clinical presentation a provisional diagnosis was Prurigo Pigmentosa. The patient was prescribed topical mometasone furoate cream (BID for one week). Two -week follow-up showed improvement of the eruption. The course of the disease was shorter than usual in such cases the patient response to treatment was reactive to the topical mometasone without taking the oral minocycline, which major of such cases need in the late course of the disease The patient starts to improve within 2 weeks compared to others who need an average of 6 weeks to improve in such cases.

Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is histopathology combined with positive bone cultures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is often used to aide diagnosis and guide treatment decisions. The purpose of the study was to examine the association of MRI findings with, and their sensitivity and specificity in identifying osteomyelitis as proven by bone histopathology and bone culture in routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with bone specimens obtained by biopsy or at resection for suspected osteomyelitis during 2010-2014 at an academic medical center in New York City. We used bivariate analysis to compare findings of patients who did or did not have osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology (Analysis 1) and those who had either bone histopathology demonstrating osteomyelitis, positive bone cultures or both or who had neither (Analysis 2). Results: We identified 103 patients with an MRI in the week prior to bone biopsy or bone resection. In Analysis 1, 52 (50.5%) of 103 patients had osteomyelitis confirmed on histopathology. In Analysis 2, 72 (70%) patients had proven osteomyelitis. These groups with and without osteomyelitis did not differ significantly with respect to the frequency of marrow edema, cortical erosions, decreased T1 signal or increased T2 signal in either analysis and the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for detecting osteomyelitis was lower than reported in prior studies. Conclusions: Based on the above results, clinicians should be aware that the sensitivity and specificity of MRI findings for histologic and microbiologic osteomyelitis may be less in real world practice than is reported in formal studies.

Intradural disc herniation is a rare entity, representing between 0.26% and 0.30% of all herniated discs. 92% of cases occur in the lumbar spine, more frequent at the L4-L5 level. The diagnostic and therapeutic conduct performed in a 61-year-old male patient who came to the office with a one-year and six-month history of dorsolumbar pain is described, accompanied by sensory alterations in the lower limbs. In view of the exacerbation of symptoms, a simple magnetic resonance study was performed, observing an intraspinal, intradural, extramedullary lesion at the D12-L1 space. An intradural disc herniation is suspected.After being evaluated the case in the group of Neurosurgeons (Group of Spinal Surgery) of the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Havana, it is proposed to carry out surgical treatment, which consisted of the extraction with microsurgical technique of the Herniated disc, preserving the vertebral anatomy through the laminoplasty technique, an open book variant. The patient evolved satisfactorily after three months of follow-up. It is concluded that intradural disc herniation should be included among intradural, extraxial lesions of the spine. By means of the magnetic resonance study, a group of imaging signs that support the preoperative diagnosis of this lesion can be described. Surgery is the definitive therapeutic method and allows an accurate diagnosis of spinal herniation to be established.