Acute low back pain is a type of pain which usually lasts for six weeks. In the cases that the pain lasts for more than six weeks, subacute low back pain would be defined. This is a brief review on the etiologies of the acute and subacute low back pain.

Powerful, complex relationships exist between health and biology, genetics, and individual behavior, and between health and health services, socioeconomic status, the physical environment, discrimination, racism, literacy levels, and legislative policies. These factors, which influence an individual’s or population’s health, are known as determinants of health. Today, health disparity is taking an in depth look at the differences in health status between different social groups, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, disability, and sexual orientation. While on the other hand, health inequality is looking at the unjust and unfair treatment one gets because of their socioeconomic status and demographic area. Such a wide array of differences in health inequality and disparity is what contributes to the United States ranking in the bottom of industrialized western nations when it comes to life expectancy rate, and infant mortality rate. Even though over the years there have been great improvements and changes, there is still more work to be done to make health and equality for all.

Fascism is a system of government merging the most extreme features of both authoritarianism and totalitarianism, and is classically considered to be at the far-right end of the political continuum, and sees racial hygiene, political violence, battle, and expansionism as means that can attain national rejuvenation. Emergence of Fascism in the last century in Europe, which had been raised up from somewhat democratic settings, has not been overlooked by intellectuals, who are in search of origins and physiognomies of Fascism. While many of researchers appreciate Fascism as a sociological phenomenon that demands psychological autopsy, there are investigators, as well, who are in search of developmental, biological, political, economical or administrative backgrounds of Fascism. In this regard, the connection between Jung and Fascism, also, was an intricate story that has been reflected again in a number of new studies. In the present article, Fascism, as a political dogma in the spectrum of authoritarianism, though not an unfamiliar administrative scheme in the globe and history, has been looked over psychosocially, along with some remarkable standpoints of some of the most known intellectuals, who were studying Fascism, Fascists, and masses in close proximity.

Introduction: The pressures of body image can be considered as demoralising, especially within the female sporting environment, where female athletes often express the greatest number of negative thoughts and feelings towards their own body shape, appearance, and dissatisfaction. Research surrounding body image, body composition and body mass index (BMI) has shown that when participants use visual impressions, for perceived body image (PBI) they have failed to produce realistic images and often lacked body stimuli with realistic weight manipulations (Madrigal, 2000). To portray more realistic statistically probable weight manipulations of a personalised stimuli, a 3D Avatar can be used to establish how female athletes perceive their body image. Therefore, the main objective of this investigation is to determine the correlation between actual and perceived BMI using a 3D Avatar within female athletes. Method:n =18 female participants between the ages of 18–23 years of age and competing in football and rugby at club and university level were recruited. Stretched stature (m) and body mass (kg) were taken and values used to calculate actual (kg/m²) and perceived BMI. A computer generated (Unity Player) 3D Avatar, with a visual slide from an underweight to average to obese continuum, was used to assess participants perceived BMI. P value was set at < 0.05 and a Paired Student t-Test was used to test for the difference. A Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was then used to test the strength of the correlation between the actual and perceived BMI. Results: Actual BMI ranged from 19.5 - 36.9 (x¯ 25.1 ± 4.7), whereas the perceived BMI ranged from 23.2 - 30.8 (x¯ 26.7 ± 2.6). A Paired Student t–test set at P < 0.05 suggested a significant difference between actual and perceived BMI (P = 0.023), and a Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient test confirmed a strong correlation of r = 0.875. Conclusion: Results indicated that perceived BMI was higher than the participants actual BMI and suggested that female athletes competing in football and rugby have a large amount of body dissatisfaction.

This baseline survey was aimed to: (Amare, A et al, 2014) assess the role of fisheries of Tekeze in improving fisher’s livelihood; (Andersson J., et al 1998) assess household and individual involvement in fisheries and their inputs used; (Asmare, E., 2015) recommend means of interventions for sustainable use of the fishery resource of Tekeze. Data was collected from September to October 2017 by preparing structured questionnaire and checklists. In addition, mixtures of purposive and random sampling methods were employed to collect the data from 302 sampled households. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Fishing in the study area is the main source of immediate cash income for the household next to crop production. Because of this, 50.33% of the respondents involve in a part time basis and the remaining 32.78% and 16.89% involves in a full time and seasonal basis of fishing respectively. Fishing in the study area is practiced by using both monofilament and multifilament gill nets, hooks, and hook and lines. In addition, the fishing boat, which mostly used are steel boat and planked boat. Mostly, fishers actively participate in fishing starting from October to May and some fishers involves even up to June. A highly significant difference in fishing input ownership were also observed between zones (t = 12.5). Even though highly significant difference in total annual gain from fishing is observed between zones and regions (t = 8.8), fishing plays a considerably important role for fishers (80941.46 ETB per a year on average) including part-time seasonal fishers and crop producer. On the other hand, fishing in the study area is highly gender-biased activity, which makes women’s participation negligible. However, destructive way of fishing by using 4cm stretched mesh sized monofilament gillnets; resource equity problem; poor infrastructure such as; road; and market competition problem are among the main problems in Tekeze fishery.