Heparin is a major component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are components of tissues in the interstitial spaces of the body. Heparin is the most important anticoagulant used in clinical settings, especially for hemodialysis (HD).

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial neoplasms. They arise from the meningiothelial cells of the arachnoid villi and present with headache and dizziness as most common symptoms. WHO has classified meningiomas into grade 1 to 3 based on cellularity, nucleocytoplasmic ratio, mitosis and necrosis.

The novel 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become an international pandemic. The lack of targeted treatment for SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the need to evaluate all potential modalities to enhance host immune response. This article reviews the role essential micronutrients play in the risk reduction and treatment of COVID-19. While literature supporting the risk and severity reduction of COVID-19 infections through exogenous supplementation is limited, micronutrient optimization is essential in maintaining host immunocompetence, and deficits may critically impair host defense. The immune supportive mechanisms and physiologic effects of various micronutrients are multifaceted, including the reduction of viral replication, inhibition of polymerase function, augmentation of innate and acquired immune responses, enhancement of anti-inflammatory immune responses, and the reduction of pro-inflammatory responses.

The pelvic endometriosis is considered a relatively common, benign, estrogen-dependent disease associated with complaints of pelvic pain and infertility, affecting 6% to 10% of women of reproductive age. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is based on some theories and hypotheses. Classical theories include the hypothesis of migratory pathogenesis by retrograde menstrual flow, the theory of celomic metaplasia, the theory of embryonic rest or even iatrogenic deposition during abdominal surgical procedures.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a fatal disease associated with multiple organ dysfunctions and overwhelming inflammation. To date, pulmonary hypertension (PH) coexisting in patients with HLH is rare, and the treatment is unknown. Here we present an interesting case involving a 27-year-old male with dyspnea and irregular fever that eventually certified as PH coexisting with HLH. The patient finally died for severe infection 21-days post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The necessity and timing of HSCT in this kind of patient need to be more careful.