For clear vision, the cornea, which is not supplied with blood, has to be continually kept wet and it is done by basal tears. Tears are the maintenance fluid of the eye; the watery eyes or epiphora is the most common symptoms of many ocular pathologies; this is due to either overproduction or under drainage of tears. The watery eyes may also be due to hyperlacrimation. Tears play an important role in producing and controlling these ocular pathologies.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection that can cause mild symptoms or even death, to patients who suffer from it. It affects all population groups without distinction. Systematic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and fluctuating autoimmune disease. One of the goals of the treatment is to avoid flare-ups and thereby reduce mortality. Their innate alterations in immunity, added to the use of immunosuppressive drugs to control the disease and prevent outbreaks makes them more vulnerable to develop severe symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present the case of a patient with SLE infected by SARS-CoV-2 with a lupus flare during hospitalization, entailing a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

A 6-year-old male Rottweiler dog presented with a marked weight loss combined with abdominal pain and diarrhea over 3 month. Hematology revealed lymphocytosis, neutrophilia and eosinophilia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a heteroechoic mid-abdominal mass with a focal hypoechoic area measuring 6.0 x 5.0 cm but with a confusing origin. The mass was resected and intestinal anastomosis was performed after celiotomy. Histopathology of the mass demonstrated massive lympho-proliferative lesions were diagnosed as low grade lymphoma with diffuse small lymphocytic (DSL-plasmacytoid) pattern. The dog was recovered and a one-month ultra sonography follow-up showed no-recurrence.

Worldwide, one in eight deaths is due to cancer. Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase new cancer cases per year by 2035 in developing countries if preventive measures are not widely applied. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of lives could be saved each year if countries made use of existing knowledge and the best cost-effective methods to prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate a provisional budget against cancer in low and middle incomes countries, according the GNI-PPP, the cancer incidence and the number of population. Economically country classification is determining with the Gross national income (GNI), per capita, Purchasing power parity (PPP), according the administrations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank (WB) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Cancer incidence data presented are based on the most recent data available at IARC. However, population compares estimates from the US Bureau of the Census. The provisional budget is establishing among the guidelines developed by WHO for regional and national cancer control programs according to national economic development. Provisional budget against cancer is estimated to 40,331.765 (thousands of U.S $) for a population of 4,954,674 persons in Congo, Republic.

Introduction: Assessment is an essential part of the learning process in education. Students follow a surface approach when assessment emphasis is on recall of factual knowledge. Students adopt a deep approach if assessment demands cognitive abilities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the best tool for assessing the cognitive domain of the first year MBBS students. Materials and Methods: I MBBS students of 28 in number who had scored more than 60 percent marks in the formative assessment examinations were included. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Ten types of assessment tools were used. Answer scripts were evaluated by two examiners. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. ANOVA and Tukey posthoc analysis were used. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the students performed well in the close-ended questions with statistical significant P=0.000 Conclusion: Good performers did well in all types of questions. Average performers did well in closed ended questions. Poor performers did not perform in both. Essays and SAQs remain the choice to differentiate a best performer in good performing candidates.