Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are rare anomalies of pulmonary vascular system which may be incidentally detected or can have manifestations resulting from right to left shunt. PAVM can cause various systemic implications including central nervous system complications like stroke, brain abscess due to paradoxical emboli which mostly seen in previously undiagnosed PAVMs indicating importance of early diagnosis and timely intervention in PAVM. Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) is the diagnostic method of choice in PAVM. We present here a unique case of complex multiple PAVM presented with refractory hypoxemia in a middle aged patient diagnosed in our centre initially evaluated for malignancy based on chest radiography & High Resolution Computed tomography(HRCT)thorax findings and symptoms, later on after CTPA was diagnosed to have complex PAVM which showed clinicoradiological improvement following pulmonary vascular plugging. This case shows clinical scenario, diagnostic & management methods and differential diagnosis to be discussed in similar clinicoradiological pattern and peculiarity of PAVM despite advanced age.

Acute diarrhea of infec­tious etiology, referred to gastroenteri­tis and is associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdomi­nal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal ur­gency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a problem worldwide, with substantial regional variation in the prevalence of specific pathogens. In fact, Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health problems. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 year period, 2017-2020, in Transylvania region from Romania. It was found 3577 number of cases, almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center. This all were mostly diagnosed by the territorial family doctors and more than 50% , have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders. For this disorders it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, to managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 year’s age died, because of severe complications. Organic failed was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluation defined the severity and type of this illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrhea, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, and there were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each, all data as quantified number of determined infectious diarrheas. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory strategies of infection control. Good hygiene, hand washing, safe food preparation, and access to clean water are key factors in preventing diarrheal illness.

Background: Breast density has been reported to be an independent predictor of breast cancer risk. Women with highest mammographic breast density may have four to six fold increased risk of developing cancer. Aim and Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating the various forms of breast densities following screening and diagnostic mammographic examination. Materials and Methods: From December 2010 and November 2012, 200 females had mammographic breast examination. Seventy-seven (77) females had routine screening mammography while 123 had diagnostic mammographic examination in the department with the General Electric (GE) Alpha-RT machine with model number MGF-101(manufactured 2010). All the subjects had to fill a mammographic form consisting of variables like age, sex, occupation, family history of breast cancer, tribe, contraception, parity, and caffeine consumption, history of surgical intervention (lumpectomy, biopsy and/or mastectomy), previous mammography and last child birth. MLO and CC views were done for the breast examination though additional views were occasionally employed. Results: Breast density decreases with increase in age of the female subjects and breast lesions are better detected following mammography on fatty or less dense breast.

Sociology as a science of society evaluates the youth from different perspectives. Youth as one-fifth of population in most societies are facing new needs and services. In more developed world, they are almost fulfilled because of the availability of infrastructures, whereas in many developing societies because of such a vacuum, many youth are deprived of their required services and essentials of todays life. However, achievement of modernity has to a large extent provided the youth with new opportunities in many countries. Such a transition has led the youth to growing awareness. When the conditions are favorable, young people will be able to use their ability and capacity much better, or in other words, they will perform their functions/ duties satisfactorily. In such a situation, the society as a whole moves in a positive way. Many have not yet been able to provide their youth to access to education to be used in future creativity and development. Improving the quality of basic education has been highly emphasized by scholars. In many developing countries, many of those who drop out of school in early stages become child-labor; a phenomenon affecting their entire life in a negative manner. Developing societies have a wide need for different skills in various fields, which must be provided by the youth in any society.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance causing abnormal hemoglobin. It is an important medical problem globally as well as in our community at Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. It accounts for large numbers of morbidity and to a lesser extent mortality. Several natural plant products over the world, which were known in some communities and their traditional healers, were studied and found to have properties in improving SCD manifestation. This research was planned to explore if any plant product under our study could prove being an effective anti-sickling agent for therapeutic use in SCD management. Objectives: Studying the effects of some plants on sickled RBCs as well as comparing between efficacies of these different plants. Material and Methods: The 49 fresh whole blood samples, extracted through venipuncture in EDTA tubes, were collected from known SCD patients whose homozygosity were confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis. These patients were not on recent blood transfusion or hydroxyurea, and aged 14 years or above of both sexes on clinical follow up. The dried rhizomes of turmeric (curcuma longa) powder and dried seeds flour of fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum) were used to evaluate the reversal type of anti-sickling activity on RBCs. Results: Out of 49 blood samples, 28 (57.1%) samples were from males and 21 (42.9%) samples from females. The average (±SD) age of the cases was 28.2 (±9.97) years with range 14 – 60 years. Significant anti-sickling activity was found using Turmeric rhizomes extract treatment with 66.81% reversal effect, and 61.28% anti-sickling action when fenugreek seeds extract was used. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that turmeric (C. longa) rhizome extract and fenugreek seed extract could have promising anti-sickling properties for SCD treatment.