This article addresses the influence of social factors on medicine. I describe a couple of relevant examples and argue that such influence can be both beneficial and harmful to medicine. I conclude by describing a values-based framework, the use of which may optimize the benefit-harm ratio of this influence.

In anthropology, the marketplace is conceived of as ‘culture center,’ that is, a constellation of social and cultural processes. This is the case with the New-Dawn-Biz, a periodic market in a large public university in the South. Peculiarity of the New-Dawn-Biz provokes inquiry given its location (within the confines of a university campus) and modus operandi. While literature on periodic markets and analyses of the informal economy are associated mostly with non-Western societies, the context of this ethnographic study reveals a highly organized enclave. Therefore, findings from this study suggest a link between the formal and informal economies, and how the two function within a highly bureaucratized setting to foster primarily social, economic, religious, and political interactions among student populations.

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the role of English teachers in developing listening and speaking skills at elementary level. The nature of this study was descriptive and survey method was used for the collection of data. All the English teachers of District Kotli were the population of the study. 256 teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire based on five point Likert scale was developed to collect the data. The reliability of the instrument was measured 0.858. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed through percentage and mean. It is found that the elementary teachers of District Kotli do not focus on basic skills of English language (listening and speaking). It is recommended that teaching materials, developed for students, may be checked, by experienced teachers, keeping the social and cultural issues, in mind. Special training, on using updated A.V aids, may be given to teachers.

The soldier who throws herself upon a grenade in order to save the lives of her comrades is surely to be commended for her selfless act. While most moral theories do not require an agent to make such a sacrifice, nearly every ethical theorist lauds such behaviour as a paradigm case of beneficence. Daniel Guevara, by contrast, argues that Kant cannot account for the moral worth of supererogatory acts. In this essay, I shall examine Guevara’s criticism of Kant’s seeming inability to account for the beneficence of supererogatory acts, and argue that, despite surface appearances, Kantian deontology does not categorically dismiss the moral worth of every supererogatory act.

Investigating the relationship of revenge motivation with aggression among university students was the prime purpose of the present research. And considering that purpose, it was hypothesized that revenge motivation would be significantly and positively related with aggression, physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility among students. Additionally, gender difference was also investigated in respect to all variables of the study. Participants were selected from two reputable universities of Faisalabad city via convenient sampling method. About seventy five males (n = 75) and seventy five females (n = 75) students were included in the study. The subscale of Revenge motivation of Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivation (McCullough et al., 2006) and full Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) were used to measure revenge motivation and aggression. Bivariate analysis of the data has depicted a significant relationship of revenge motivation with aggression, physical aggression, anger and hostility among students. A non-significant relationship was found out between revenge motivation and verbal aggression. Additional analysis was done through Independent t-test that reveals a significant difference between male and female students in respect to physical aggression, anger and revenge motivation. Both groups of students did not significantly differ on aggression, verbal aggression and hostility.

This essay analyzes the artistic, ecological and political drifts of the Lake Texcoco animist museum project. This is a mutant, alternative and de-territorialized museum that mobilizes reflections, affections, knowledge and political densities about the lives and deaths of Lake Texcoco, central basin of the Valley of Mexico. By reviewing and proposing an animistic museology, objects, stories and archives that organize human and more than human lives were collected in the lake basin. Each of the exhibition processes, called apparitions, organizes experimental communities around the collection to trigger situated discussions about other lakes and bodies of water.

Poor pay and little recognition, that is the lot of high school substitute teachers in Silicon Valley. Having walked in their shoes for more than a year, I can attest to their plight. They deserve better. Districts employ two types of substitutes: on-call for daily assignments and temporary teachers for a specific duration. My adventure as an on-call substitute began four years ago. I returned to education following a thirty-year hiatus as a Silicon Valley Real Estate Broker. Prior to my real estate experience, I held a variety of different positions in education: High School English and History Teacher, Supervisor of University Intern Teachers, Vice Principal, Principal, Director of Human Resources, Assistant Superintendent, Superintendent, and Assistant Professor of Educational Leadership.