This study explores the effectiveness of intermittently replacing traditional synthesis essays with student-authored video essays in online courses to alleviate student workload monotony while maintaining academic rigor. With the increasing prevalence of multimedia consumption among Generation Z students, particularly through short-form videos (SFVs) (Zhang, Hazarika, Chen, & Shi, 2023), this research investigates whether engaging students in both the consumption and production of video content enhances learning outcomes and course satisfaction. Using a quasi-experimental design, 83 undergraduate students enrolled in an online Educational Psychology course were randomly assigned to one of three groups: no video, video consumer, and video consumer & producer. The results suggest that students in the video consumer & producer group exhibited significantly higher post-test scores compared to those in the other groups, indicating that active video production promotes deeper learning. Furthermore, students in the video essay group reported higher assignment satisfaction levels as compared to students writing traditional essays, supporting the idea that multimedia assignments can increase engagement and motivation in online learning environments (Hughes & Roblyer, 2023). These findings underscore the potential of video essays as a dynamic tool for fostering intellectual engagement, enhancing retention, and reducing the online course overload associated with repetitive written assignments. The study highlights the need for educators to adapt course designs to better align with the multiliteracies of todays students.

The purpose of this study was to collect data pertaining to Sedillos Resiliency Theory of Suicidal ideation utilizing the Sedillo Comallie-Caplan-(SOAR) Suicide Observation Assessment of Resiliency to measure its effectiveness as an assessment tool. The study directed subjects to present recommendations of what worked or did not who participated in a session utilizing this assessment tool in order to revamp and make the assessment more user friendly when administering. Benefits are enormous as this assessment could provide individuals to deter suicide or suicidal ideation because the tool pinpoints negative and positive external/internal resiliency factors, resulting in locating and providing a solution at a faster pace. The assessment is also designed for all subjects ranging from ages 18-60+ and include all sexual orientations, gender/sex identities, gifted, and non-gifted individuals. Other benefits contribute to improved assessment of suicidal risk and protective factors, and improved interventions for individuals at risk for suicide.

This study investigates the combined influence of nomophobia, namely fear of inaccessibility and fear of missing out on personal connections among adolescents in some Asian regions. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis philosophical and academic literature on the integration of these social problems to propose practical solutions to adolescents social interactions in the current trends that has not been done in prior studies. We utilize a quantitative research design, conducting a survey of 260 respondents with extensive experience in mobile phone use. The sampling process combined stratified sampling with a random selection technique. Data analysis includes the use of descriptive statistics, Cronbachs alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the assessment of variable relationships through multiple linear regression, all performed using SPSS software. The results reveal that the two determinants of nomophobia including Fear of inaccessibility and Fear of missing out influence adolescents poor personal connections. Fear of inaccessibility has the greater impact, with a standardized coefficient of 0.892. Meanwhile, Fear of missing out has a slightly slower, with a standardized coefficient of 0.859. In the digital age, these findings provide useful insights for identifying the factors of nomophobia that put a significant effect on ineffective communication among the young age. Accordingly, this paper makes sharp theoretical contributions to addressing the current trend problems.

The ideology and purpose of the Third Reichs propaganda campaign was to establish and promote an anti-Jewish racist ideology that scapegoated all European Jews in an effort to rally the German people against a common enemy and take the focus from Germany and its involvement in World War I as a leading cause of the collapse of the German economy and social stability. The shifting of blame and an allying of the Nazi military and German public against a social enemy both internal and external led to a re-contextualization of social focus within a nation reeling from military defeat and faced with continued economic collapse. The Reich Ministry of Propaganda but, more broadly speaking, the entire German government used anti-Jewish propaganda that was spread throughout all levels of German society, touching all aspects of the Reich. While the use of propaganda undoubtedly involves a smattering of communication strategies in order to be successful, the Third Reichs construction and utilization of propaganda embodies what would come to be known to communication theorists as agenda-setting, social judgement cultivation, and cultivation theories. An analysis in hindsight demonstrates the German governments control over the public conversation and the German peoples need to exist within an effective and meaningful stratum of society. What ultimately became a self-reinforcing loop of propaganda dispersion and positive social response created an atmosphere that allowed for the unchecked expansion of anti-Jewish plans. There was little to no outside counterpropaganda in play; the Allies either did not know about, did not believe in, and/or did not prioritize the Holocaust and anti-Jewish sentiments compared to the overall war effort in Europes focus. Modern communication theory shows why the German people and the Nazi military accepted the propaganda outright or did little to argue against it which led to its nearly universal adoption in Germany and precipitated the Holocaust and other atrocities.

This study examines the pivotal role of the Nigerian diaspora in bolstering economic resilience during periods of recession, focusing on the critical issue of economic instability in Nigeria. Diaspora remittances have become a cornerstone of Nigeria’s socio-economic development, providing vital support for families, small businesses, and infrastructure projects. Utilizing the RBV, the research adopts a qualitative approach, drawing insights from 10 Nigerian diaspora members residing in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. Participants were purposively selected for their active engagement in remittances, investments, and developmental initiatives. The findings reveal three key types of contributions. Financial remittances stabilize households, fund small businesses, and drive infrastructure development. Social contributions, facilitated by robust diaspora networks, foster global partnerships, mobilize funding, and advocate for improved governance. Intellectual contributions, including knowledge transfer and skill-building, enhance capacity in critical sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology, fostering innovation and sustainable growth. Despite these significant contributions, the study identifies barriers to effective diaspora engagement. These include restrictive government policies, high transaction costs, economic instability, and a lack of trust in institutional frameworks. Participants propose actionable strategies to address these challenges, such as implementing tax incentives, reducing remittance fees, streamlining bureaucratic processes, establishing mentorship programs, and fostering stronger collaboration between diaspora groups and government entities. This study underscores the transformative potential of the Nigerian diaspora in driving economic recovery, resilience, and sustainable development. By integrating diaspora contributions into national development frameworks and addressing systemic barriers, policymakers can unlock the full potential of this critical resource. The findings provide a foundation for further research and offer practical recommendations to optimize diaspora engagement in times of economic adversity.

Stress and anxiety are common mental health problems among undergraduate students. This study investigated the level of stress and anxiety among undergraduate students during their travel. The study used a survey method using questionnaires and statistical data analysis. Using a convenient selection method, 308 college students who had traveled in the past year were analyzed. The results of the study showed that undergraduate students had similar levels of stress and anxiety during their travel. There was a positive correlation between students stress and anxiety during their travel. There was no significant statistical difference in gender or year of study regarding perceived stress and anxiety during travel. College students who frequently traveled to escape pressure purposes felt less stressed about their abilities. Studies in the future can further investigate this by directly researching the context of travel in terms of time, frequency, or with specific goals.

This literature review looks at the question: is there a relationship between love languages and marital happiness? Love languages are a very popular cultural theme, and many people depend on love languages for the satisfaction of love between partners. Although there has been an emphasis on love languages, in recent cultures, there have also been very high divorce rates, therefore the question if love languages prove to produce love remains prominent. Fifteen articles that I have found take this question and extract themes regarding this question that fall under the subject of the description of love languages, the validity of love languages, and satisfaction and love languages. This literature review looks at each of the five most popular love languages and assesses what they are, how often they occur within relationships, and if they produce satisfaction within couples. It has been found that most love languages individually do produce marital satisfaction. In the later part of this literature review, I assess the validity of love languages and their satisfaction as a whole, I have found that the love languages themselves do not prove to be valid with empirical research, and it was also found that there are many other ways of showing love that are not one of the five love languages. Therefore, these findings prove that love languages do not fully lead to marital happiness, instead, simply showing affection leads to marital happiness, which could include showing love languages. This information was found by looking at studies that would measure satisfaction between married couples and related it to love languages.

Since the return of Hong Kong to Chinese Rule, it has been a unique region in terms of administration and legal system, embracing some characteristics of former British rule while also edging closer to assimilation with the wider Chinese state and its mandates. This assimilation reached a turning point in 2019 with region-wide protests centered around a proposed move toward an increase in democratic processes in Hong Kong in response to a bill allowing extradition of Hong Kong citizens to the Chinese mainland, a rebuffing of Beijing’s control of the area. The protests captured international attention as primarily younger residents of Hong Kong took to the streets in an effort to delegitimize mainland control. Older residents of the city more closely favored the Chinese government and its regulations. Beijing countered the pro-democracy propaganda of protestors with extensive use of the media. Agenda setting theory, the theory of exposure learning, and dependency theory provide the lenses through which the overall success of the Chinese government can be observed and understood. Chinese media outlets framed the issue as one of disorder and linked that disorder to foreign media and foreign governmental intervention. China emphasized security and national sovereignty more explicitly and robustly than demonstrators which lead to an increase in exposure to Beijing’s viewpoints over pro-democracy propaganda. These elements were made all the more successful by the dependency of the urbanized and industrialized population of Hong Kong on the media for information and viewpoint dissemination. Dependency theory and its effects during the demonstrations made agenda setting and exposure learning more effective than they would have been alone in setting the tone of the conversation around the future of Hong Kong. Chinese utilization of media techniques and information dissemination ultimately proved successful in promoting Beijing’s control of the region which demonstrates the importance of mass media and its reach and effects in urban areas especially.

Elitism in architecture is evident in various aspects: architects are elevated as authorities on built environment quality, recruitment often draws from elite circles, commissions primarily come from elite patrons, and the profession largely caters to the values and aesthetic preferences of privileged groups. Prestigious architecture awards on a global scale reinforce this elitism, thereby producing so-called starchitects who, in turn, benefit from this recognition. Among numerous evaluative frameworks, the Pritzker Prize (PP) stands out as one of the most esteemed. It is hypothesized that this prize favors architects whose nationalities are aligned with the West over non-Western counterparts. In light of substantial critique directed at this historically-based dichotomy as overly simplistic, the culturally-rooted Clash of Civilizations theory, which identifies eight key world civilizations, offers an alternative framework for analysis. Employing a qualitative research methodology with case studies as its primary strategy, this research utilizes data from the Pritzker Prizes official website (pritzkerprize.com) to identify trends and cycles of PP-winning starchitects across various nationalities worldwide. By tabulating these findings and triangulating data with other extant sources, the study applies the aforementioned theory to analyze these nationalities, situating each within its corresponding geographic regions and thus, key civilization. Conducted in November 2024, this research analyzes 47 PP award cycles and identifies that starchitects from 21 different nationalities have received the prize over the years. Among these, architects representing Western civilizations have overwhelmingly secured the prize 36 times, followed by Japanese architects with 9 wins, Latin American architects with 4, and a single win each for architects from Sinic, Hindu, and African civilizations. Consequently, the hypothesis is affirmed, demonstrating that the PP exhibits a preferential bias towards the Western civilization.