Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques of biotechnology used to grow plant cells, tissues and organs on a nutrient culture medium under aseptic conditions. This technique allows clonal propagation of rare, endemic or endangered plants. Moreover, plant tissue culture makes it possible to produce virus-free plants to be used in medicine, cosmetics and food sectors. The health of the cultures depends on growing conditions, type of explant and growth medium composition. Nutrition requirement of different types of tissues varies. Researchers have developed various types of growth medium to provide suitable nutrition for different plant types. There are inorganic and organic substrates and gelling agents in a basic growth medium. Researchers need some organic additives to promote growth and differentiation since the basic growth medium sometimes not sufficient. Here in this review, we discussed the use of organic additives such as coconut milk, yeast, potato and malt extract, tomato, pineapple and carrot juice.

In this study, the antigenotoxic effects of methanol extract (ST) of the endemic Sideritis trojana, which is consumed as tea among the public, against the clastogenic / anogenic effect induced by mitomycin (MMC) on human peripheral lymphocytes were evaluated in vitro with the Micronucleus (MN) test system. For this purpose, the effect of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 500 µg / mL concentrations of ST was observed in peripheral venous blood taken from a non-smoking healthy male and a woman aged 20-25 years. In addition, positive, negative, and solvent control groups were included in the study. As a result of exposure with MMC, a micronucleus frequency of 9.15% was determined. It was determined that application concentrations (ST + MMC) caused a decrease in micronucleus frequencies depending on the concentrations and these decreases were statistically significant. According to these results, it was determined that ST has a potential antigenotoxic effect.

The liver is the largest gland of the body that secretes both endocrine and exocrine secretions and plays a major role in the regulation of metabolic functions. Numerous factors such as drugs, chemicals, accidents, alcohol, surgical procedures can cause damage to the liver tissue. In this study, we aimed to determine the regeneration capacity of liver tissue in order to recover the mass loss after hepatic resection. In our experiment 21 Wistar albino male rats were used. All experimental groups applied midline incision with laparotomy for resection of liver. At the end of 1 and 7th days, liver tissue removed for light microscopic analysis. The rats were divided three groups: Control, group 1: hepatectomy one day after liver resection, group 2: hepatectomy seven days after liver resection. The tissue of all experimental groups were showed some histopatological changes such as sinuzoidal dilatation, vacuolization in the hepatocytes. These histopathological differentiation was found to be severe in group II compared to other groups. At the end of the 7th day, it was observed that the regeneration increased significantly, and the mitotic index value reached almost the maximum level in the second group. It was observed that the mitotic index value gradually decreased in group I and reached values close to the control group.

Due to their ability to fly, bird species can quickly shift during sudden and negative changes in their habitat. With these features, unlike other animal groups, they are seen as indicator species in monitoring the sustainable and healthy structure of the ecosystem in which they are located. Monitoring bird species’ richness and diversity for wetlands are important parameters in monitoring sustainable ecosystem structure and determining conservation activities. The study was carried out to determine the change of ornithofauna and waterbird diversity indexes of Suvla Lake in monthly periods. Between 2017-2020, data was collected using direct observation methods by field study at least once each month. 154 bird species belonging to 20 ordo and 44 families have been identified in and around Suvla Lake. The April has the highest number of species with 92 species and the January has the highest number of individuals with a total of 10991 individuals. While bird species diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) was calculated highest in the month of February (H’: 2,377) and lowest in the month of May (H’: 1,657), species richness (Margalef Index) was calculated highest in the month of April (M: 5,4) and lowest in the month of October (M: 2,625). The most dominant species among waterbird was Flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), whose dominance was calculated as 21.3%. It is revealed that Suvla Salt Lake is on an important migration route during the spring migration period for waterbirds and that the area is an important wintering area with the diversity and richness of species detected during the winter months. The study provides data that will contribute to the preparation of action plans for the sustainability, monitoring and protection of the Suvla Salt Lake ecosystem, which does not have an effective conservation status.

Salinity is among the most common abiotic stress factors seen in agricultural areas around the world. In this study, it was aimed to determine the response of some bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to salt stress during germination. In the research, 7 bread wheat genotypes (Pamukova 97, Besköprü, Metin, Bezostaya-1, Hanli, Tahirova 2000, Momtchill) and 5 different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) were used. Application was carried out as Randomized Plots Design with two factors and three replications. As a result of salt application, the water intake rate at 24. hours, germination percentage, radicle and coleoptile length, radicle and coleoptile dry weight, salt tolerance index were calculated. The results obtained show that salt applications negatively affect all parameters examined and it reveals that there are significant differences in response to salinity among the genotypes studied.