Study on the Management and Challenges of Slaughter Slab in Mubi Metropolis was carried out to determine the major challenges of slaughter slab in Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The data for the study was survey method. The instrument for data collection comprises of structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two sections. Section A dealt with bio-data such variable as age, sex, religion, educational qualification, while section B will be constructed to provide information for objectives of the research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study disclosed that lack of sanitary operational environment in Mubi slaughter slab affect health of staff/workers, users/customers, residents and host communities living within and around the slaughter slab are at risk of outbreak of water borne diseases. The result of the study on waste management have shown that annually a total of 11,072 tons of blood, 17,280 tons of gut contents and 13,824 tons of waste tissues are discharged directly into the environment. The result also reveal that odour emissions from slaughter slab could cause eye, nose and throat irritation, nausea, cough, bronchitis, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness and alterations of mood, residences are infested by flies and mosquitoes with varying degrees as per distance. The researchers therefore recommend that the existing slaughter slab should be upgraded with modern slaughter slab infrastructures and facilities for hygienic slaughtering, handling, storage and selling of meat to consumers to forestall infestation of meat by flies and other vectors that affect human health.

Chemo port implantation has enhanced the quality of life for cancer patients. Interventional radiologists or surgeons may implant chemo ports via the Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) or Subclavian Vein (SCV). A central catheter that is implanted into the central venous system is connected to a port chamber (subcutaneous) to form a venous port system. The catheter chambers subcutaneous position enhances the patient quality of life and has a lower infection rate than non-totally implanted central venous devices. To avoid both immediate and long-term difficulties, a port system must be implanted, used, and cared for properly. Pneumothorax, hemothorax, thoracic duct damage, cardiac tamponade, venous malpositioning of the catheter, and perforation with arterial injury are the most frequent early complications (30 days). Infection, catheter thrombosis, vascular thrombosis and stenosis, catheter fracture with extravasation, or fracture with migration or catheter material embolization, are examples of delayed problems. To detect potential issues and plan therapeutic interventions, such as in the event of catheter migration, radiologic imaging has become more important in both intra-procedural assessment and postoperative follow-up.

The current study examines the phytochemical analysis of 15 therapeutic plants that were gathered from various places, including temperate, tropical, and hill/tribal areas. The plants gathered include Tridax procumbans, Achyranthus aspera, Amaranthus spinosus, Clitoria ternatea, Ruellia tuberosa, Euphorbia herta, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Aerva lanata, Zeucas aspera, and Ocimum basilicum. These plants have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic effects. First, numerous secondary metabolites were subjected to qualitative testing. Alkaloids, Saponins,Tannins, Steroids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Phlobitannins, Coumarins, Cycloglycosides, Phenols, and Quinones were all detected in plant extracts of these plants. Finally, the plants with comparable features were compared with the equivalent qualitative results for the quantitative study.

Sickle cell anemia crisis and death in the under-developed nations constitute one of the most challenging global public health problems. It is estimated that each year out of the three hundred thousand babies born worldwide with severe forms of hemoglobin disorders, sickle cell disease constitute more than half of this figure. Sickle cell disorder is an abnormal hemoglobin condition caused by the inheritance of abnormal hemoglobin (Hbs) genes from both parents. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among sickle cell subjects in Delta State. Stool samples were collected from a total of 320 subjects, 160 each from Delta South (Warri) and Delta North (Agbor). Questionnaires and informed consent forms were given to the subjects that are of age and to the parents of the minors before sample collection. The stool samples were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for gastrointestinal parasites .InWarri, 40% (64/160) of SCA subjects infected with either gastrointestinal heamoparisites were male, while 48.1% were females. In Agbor, 47.5% were males, while 43.8% were females. This was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The greatest frequency of infection was observed in SCA subjects within the age bracket of 1-10. (42.5%) in warri and 56.2%atAgbor. In Warri A.lumbricoides, hookworm, T.trichuria, E coliand malaria parasites were observed, 18.1%, 5.6%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 60.6% respectively among sickle cell subjects infected with either gastrointestinal haemoparasites. No microfilaria was isolated among subjects in warri, but was isolated at Agbor (0.6%).Also at Agbor, A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T.trichuria, E. coli,and malaria parasites had prevalence of16.8%, 2.5%, 1.3%, 1.9% and 68.1%respectively. In Warri, SCA subjects without parasitic infection have a mean PCV of 23.27% as against those with parasitic infection having a mean PCV of 12.88%. At Agbor, those without infection have a mean PCV of 22.84% as against 19.72% among those with parasitic infection. Among SCA subjects with either gastrointestinal or haemoparasites in warri, 24.4%, 50.0% 13.7% resides in rural, urban and riverine Communities respectively. At Agbor 60%, 31.3% resides in rural & urban communities respectively. The prevalence of infection among those who deworm always, occasionally only and those who never deworm were 32.5%, 53.1% and 2.5% respectively in Warri and, 10%, 60% & 21.3% respectively in Agbor. All sampled SCA subjects received blood transfusion always or occasionally as 70.6% and 17.8% respectively in Warri, as 85.0% and 6.3% respectively in Agbor. Prevalence of infection among subjects who use water closet and latrine were 18.7% and 6.9% respectively. Subjects who never wash their hands before and after eating have prevalence of 7.2% while those who wash their hands before and after eating always were 18.4%. The prevalence of malaria parasites 60.6% and 66.8%, Warri and Agbor respectively. Overall, the prevalence of parasitic infections among SCA subjects in Warri was 88.1%. Of this 48.1% were females.SCA subjects between the ages of 1-10 were mostly infected. A. lumbricoides (18.1%) was the gastrointestinal parasite mostly isolated. This study concludes that prevalence of gastrointestinal and haemoparasite among sickle cell subjects is very high in Delta State. Therefore, the need for all sickle cell anemic subjects to strictly use insecticide treated nets is highly advocated.

Sickle cell anemia crisis and death in the under-developed nations constitute one of the most challenging global public health problems. It is estimated that each year out of the three hundred thousand babies born worldwide with severe forms of hemoglobin disorders, sickle cell disease constitute more than half of this figure. Sickle cell disorder is an abnormal hemoglobin condition caused by the inheritance of abnormal hemoglobin (Hbs) genes from both parents. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among sickle cell subjects in Delta State. Stool samples were collected from a total of 320 subjects, 160 each from Delta South (Warri) and Delta North (Agbor). Questionnaires and informed consent forms were given to the subjects that are of age and to the parents of the minors before sample collection. The stool samples were examined both macroscopically and microscopically for gastrointestinal parasites .InWarri, 40% (64/160) of SCA subjects infected with either gastrointestinal heamoparisites were male, while 48.1% were females. In Agbor, 47.5% were males, while 43.8% were females. This was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The greatest frequency of infection was observed in SCA subjects within the age bracket of 1-10. (42.5%) in warri and 56.2%atAgbor. In Warri A.lumbricoides, hookworm, T.trichuria, E coliand malaria parasites were observed, 18.1%, 5.6%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 60.6% respectively among sickle cell subjects infected with either gastrointestinal haemoparasites. No microfilaria was isolated among subjects in warri, but was isolated at Agbor (0.6%).Also at Agbor, A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T.trichuria, E. coli,and malaria parasites had prevalence of16.8%, 2.5%, 1.3%, 1.9% and 68.1%respectively. In Warri, SCA subjects without parasitic infection have a mean PCV of 23.27% as against those with parasitic infection having a mean PCV of 12.88%. At Agbor, those without infection have a mean PCV of 22.84% as against 19.72% among those with parasitic infection. Among SCA subjects with either gastrointestinal or haemoparasites in warri, 24.4%, 50.0% 13.7% resides in rural, urban and riverine Communities respectively. At Agbor 60%, 31.3% resides in rural & urban communities respectively. The prevalence of infection among those who deworm always, occasionally only and those who never deworm were 32.5%, 53.1% and 2.5% respectively in Warri and, 10%, 60% & 21.3% respectively in Agbor. All sampled SCA subjects received blood transfusion always or occasionally as 70.6% and 17.8% respectively in Warri, as 85.0% and 6.3% respectively in Agbor. Prevalence of infection among subjects who use water closet and latrine were 18.7% and 6.9% respectively. Subjects who never wash their hands before and after eating have prevalence of 7.2% while those who wash their hands before and after eating always were 18.4%. The prevalence of malaria parasites 60.6% and 66.8%, Warri and Agbor respectively. Overall, the prevalence of parasitic infections among SCA subjects in Warri was 88.1%. Of this 48.1% were females.SCA subjects between the ages of 1-10 were mostly infected. A. lumbricoides (18.1%) was the gastrointestinal parasite mostly isolated. This study concludes that prevalence of gastrointestinal and haemoparasite among sickle cell subjects is very high in Delta State. Therefore, the need for all sickle cell anemic subjects to strictly use insecticide treated nets is highly advocated.

Bleaching has become the treatment of choice for most tooth discolorations. In-office bleaching and at-home bleaching are the most frequently performed vital tooth bleaching techniques. Both of these techniques are proven to improve tooth discoloration, but unwanted effects can also occur, such as tooth sensitivity and increased tooth enamel surface roughness. Tooth sensitivity is a common side effect of bleaching procedures and the effect of bleaching on dental hard tissue is still a matter of controversy. This literature aims to conduct an integrative literature study with scientific evidence related to the potential results, enamel surface roughness, and tooth sensitivity in in-office bleaching and at-home bleaching techniques. Method: Analyzing journals from databases such as Medline (PubMed), Ebsco, Google Scholar, textbooks, and accredited national journals. Conclusion: This review reveals that at-home bleaching has the same potential as in-office bleaching in lightening tooth color. Higher tooth sensitivity was found in in-office bleaching, however in at-home bleaching with 20% carbamide peroxide the tooth sensitivity could be higher. An increase in tooth enamel surface roughness can occur in both techniques, but the at-home bleaching technique is more influential