A 67 year - old male patient with painless macroscopic haematuria of 3 weeks of evolution being his only symptom. Auxiliary laboratory exams were non-conclusive. In the histopathological study of the lesion, renal pelvis with scant epithelium with atypia consistent with low-grade non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. The patient underwent a right nephroureterectomy as treatment for his condition.

The advantages offered by computer and internet technology are not only in the speed of obtaining the information that has been provided but also in multimedia facilities that can make learning more interesting, visual, interactive and fun so that it will foster students motivation and interest in learning. This study aims to determine the relationship between web-based learning media and knowledge of the second stage of labor in DIII midwifery students. This study used an analytic descriptive method with a cross sectional design. The population in this study The population in this study were all female D-III Midwifery Institute of Bone Science and Health. The number of samples in this study amounted to 32 people with a sampling techniqueusing non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. From the results of the analysis using the chi square test. The results of the research on the relationship of web-based learning media to knowledge of the second stage of labor are classified as good, as evidenced by the results of the questionnaire distributed to 32 respondents. The average score calculation of the questionnaire is 87. 18 which are categorized as good. there is a relationship between web-based learning media on knowledge of the second stage of labor in DIII midwifery students indicated by the presence of t count > t table (0.480> 0.297) and a significance of 0.01 <0.05, so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

Cimetidine is effective drugs on male reproductive system by its effect on semen characteristic or parameters such as sperm motility, sperm morphology and sperm count, and also cimetidine effect on sexual hormones, were effect on testosterone, FSH and LH. In this investigation, 20 male rats were randomly classified into two groups, Control group(G1): This group contain on 10 male rats receiving normal saline and Cimetidine group( G2): This group contain on 10 male rats receiving 100mg/kg. B.W. from cimetidine group, during the period 38days from(20. Novmber.2022 to 28. Desmber.2022), after end from study animals slaughtered, then, seminal samples were taken from the epididymis, as well as blood samples, and converted into serum for the purpose of work hormonal analysis. Group treated with cimetidine showed significantly decrease in sperm motility and increase in immotile sperm and also significantly increase in abnormal sperm morphology and decrease in normal, also this study showed significantly decrease in sperm counts. Also this study showed significantly decrease in level of testosterone and FSH, but increase in LH, it can be concluded that Cimetidine exerted a significant harmful effects on semen characteristics and sexual hormones.

Background Antibiotics are potent medication that can stop or significantly limit bacterial development. Misuse of antibiotics is a big issue around the world. Antibiotic resistance has become a major worldwide health concern since it is linked to more cases of illness and death, higher healthcare costs, and longer hospital stays. Numerous studies on antibiotic awareness have demonstrated cultural, behavioral, educational, and healthcare system differences in students perspectives on antibiotics. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess medical students perspectives, familiarity, and understanding of antibiotics at two Saudi Arabian universities. Aim Examine medical students understanding and perspective on the proper use of antibiotics. The purpose of this survey is to assess the level of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance among medical students and to provide suggestions for reducing this problem. Methods Students in the College of Medicine at Alfaisal University and Majmaah University were surveyed using a pre-designed, self-administered questionnaire for this study. A panel of specialists in the field has reviewed the questionnaire. The studys success will depend on the opinions of three distinct cohorts of future doctors. Results The poll revealed a higher level of knowledge at Majmaah University (74.3%), but at Alfaisal University (71.81%) it was lower. Majmaah University had a higher rate of knowledge acquisition, according to the research. In addition, the study revealed that the rate of awareness at Al Faisal University was (86.35%), whereas the rate of awareness at Majmaah University was (87.13%), and the rate of attitude at Alfaisal University was (86.23%). Moreover, we discovered that as students progress in their education, so do their levels of knowledge, attitude, and awareness. Conclusion The foundation of a thriving society is the use of sound scientific methods. Effective education, from this vantage point, plays a crucial role in imparting knowledge, awareness, and attitude that leads to change in behavior and habits, and therefore in the level of outputs that feed the community with a comprehensive health strategy.

In Babylon Governorate, the frequency of viral hepatitis B in the general population was evaluated. A total of 354 members of the general community with ages ranging from <15 to >45 and a mean of 38.64 years old were randomly selected for the study and tested for anti-HBsAg, HBc IgM and Viral load. The findings of the current study showed a prevalence rate of 3.95% of HBV in the general population where fourteen samples had positive HBsAg while the highest risk of infection (5.6%) was found for individuals older than 45Yrs. According to gender, males were more likely to be infected than females (10:4 vs. (71:4:28.6), respectively. For the residency status, the rate of infection was 2:1 for the total of (14) positive anti-HBsAg, of which nine were in rural areas and five of them were in urban areas. Compared to anti-HBsAg, which was obtained by an ELISA test, the diagnostic marker anti-HBc IgM was more consistent with the viral load/Ml of HBV determined by RT-PCR.

Background Pharmaceuticals industries play a significant role in health care, especially in developing countries and under-devolving countries since it produced more affordable medications. Many factors contributed to ensure continuous production flow, the key factor is the availability of raw material. After COVID-19 outbreak scarcity in raw material became a major obstacle in drug production. The goal of this study is to identify barriers faced by pharmaceuticals industries in Sudan in acquiring raw materials due to COVID-19 pandemic. Method An analytical, qualitative structured focus group discussion (FGD) was performed with major factories in Khartoum, Sudan. To address issues regarding obstacles faced by this factories during COVID-19 pandemic. Result All participants encountered problems because of the pandemic such as fuel shortage, difficulty in transportation, economic instability but the biggest issue was the closure of international borders that resulted in insufficient raw materials and other essential chemicals needed in production. Conclusion overall COVID-19 had a marked impact in drug manufacturing in Sudan which is reflected in the availability of drugs locally

The study of the prevalence of fascioliasis among cattle and goats slaughtered at abattoirs in Sagbama community and Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State was undertaken from July to December, 2022. A total of 60 bile samples were collected from the animals (30 from cattle and 30 from goats). The bile sample from each animal was examined using sedimentation method and microscopically examined for the presence of Fasciola eggs. The results showed that 34(56.7%) out of the 60 cattle and goats were infected with Fasciola hepatica. The distribution of infection showed that cattle had the highest prevalence of 70% while goats had 43.3% prevalence. Sex-based prevalence showed 73.3% and 66.7% for male and female cattle respectively while male and female goats recorded 46.7% and 40% prevalence respectively. Also, the prevalence was higher among samples collected from Yenagoa (Etegwe/Tombia abattoir) (66.7%) and was lower among those collected from Sagbama abattoir (46.7). Regular inspection of animals slaughtered at abattoirs and monitoring of butchers will reduce consumption of infected meat and subsequent reduction of the prevalence of fascioliasis in the study areas.

This study investigated the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the expression of the rsmA and rsbA genes in multi-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis. The nanoparticles were synthesized using the cell-free supernatant of P. mirabilis. Gene expression levels were quantified using quantitative Reverse Transcription Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. The results showed that the expression of the rsmA gene was significantly downregulated in P. mirabilis isolates treated with ZnO-NPs, AgNPs, and Ag-ZnO-NPs compared to the control untreated isolate. The fold change values for gene expression were 18.32, 7.73, and 1.64 for ZnO-NPs, AgNPs, and Ag-ZnO-NPs, respectively. Similar downregulation of the rsmA gene has been observed in other bacterial species treated with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles. Additionally, the expression of the rsbA gene was significantly downregulated in P. mirabilis treated with ZnO-NPs and AgNPs, while Ag-ZnO-NPs did not show a significant effect on rsbA gene expression. These findings suggest that ZnO-NPs and AgNPs have potential as antimicrobial agents by regulating gene expression in P. mirabilis.

Shallots (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) are kind of the plants that are widely planted and distributed in Indonesia. The tropical climate and fertile soil in Indonesia make shallots and garlic easy to grow only by cultivating the seeds or bulbs. Shallots and garlic are type of vegetable forming a small bulb-like shape which can be used to flavor food (spices or seasoning); lower cholesterol; overcome acnes, inflammation; and acting as antioxidants, antimicrobials. Moreover, they can be used to help the growth of the roots plants. This research compared the extraction methods, maceration and soxhletation, for the extraction of secondary metabolites in shallot and garlic skins. the results showed that the extraction yield of shallot skin extract by maceration and soxhletation were 0.96% and 0.70%, respectively. While the extract of garlic skin obtained from maceration and soxhletation method were 0.71% and 0.47%, respectively. Both of the extracts were identified for its secondary metabolite components qualitatively using phytochemical tests. The results claimed that the extracts to contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. Based on agar diffusion method on disc papers, the antibacterial activity assays of shallot and garlic skin extracts showed that shallot and garlic skin extracts from maceration and soxhletation extraction methods were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.