Majority of healthcare professionals are struggling with conducting and writing a protocol for a research study. Thus, the purpose of this article is to summarize significant steps and necessary guidelines for producing a standard research protocol, roles and responsibilities of various team members involved in the study, and conduction of actual clinical trial including its initiation, phases (I-III), termination or post-marketing surveillance phase. It is important to note that the quality of a clinical trial largely depends on the protocol to achieve success in the research study

Growth cartilage is a pivotal area between the epiphysis and the metaphysis, with relative fragility. She was incarcerated for soft tissue during a Salter-Harris type I epiphysic detachment in a 13-year-old girl. Such a lesion can be easily obscured with irreversible after-effects. Very few cases of incarceration of soft tissue in growth cartilage, have been described in the literature. We present in this study, a case of tissue incarceration in growth cartilage discovered incidentally during the realization magnetic resonance imaging with study of the literature review.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare finding which usually occurs in association with local factors such as cirrhosis, malignancy, pancreatitis, intraabdominal infections or systemic hypercoagulable states. It may present acutely as abdominal pain, ascites, fever or exist in a chronic state which is generally asymptomatic and an incidental finding. With advancement in Imaging and laboratory studies, PVT cases are diagnosed more frequently along with its predisposing factors. The invention of JAK2 mutation and it’s addition to the WHO criteria for Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) diagnosis, has increased the number of MPN cases which were previously labelled idiopathic. We present a case of 54 year old female diagnosed with unprovoked PVT with bowel ischemia and JAK 2 mutation positive, managed surgically and with long term anticoagulation.

Clinical findings about the adverse effects of the use of antiretroviral drugs in the oral cavity of people with HIV / AIDS began to be found. A case regarding the side effects of the use of antiretroviral drugs is the discovery of oral cavity lesions in the form of whitish plaque on the lips and right buccal mucosa that has occurred more than one month accompanied by complaints of taste disorders, xerostomia, and a burning feeling in the mucosa of patients using Nevirapine, Zidovudine and Lamivudine. This study was to analyze the relationship of anti-retroviral treatment in HIV AIDS sufferers to caries predictors, and caries severity, and analyze the relationship between the duration of antiretroviral treatment to caries predictors and caries severity. This study used an observational method with cross sectional or cross sectional design by conducting direct observations, on 100 samples of HIV / AIDS sufferers using anti-retroviral drugs at the Yayasan Peduli Kelompok Dukungan Sebaya (YPKDS) Makassar held in October 2019. Data were analyzed with chi square test. The results obtained that there is a relationship between antiretroviral treatment in HIV / AIDS patients with caries predictors (p = 0.357) and caries severity (p = 0.005), while analysis of the duration of antiretroviral treatment is less than 5 years and more than 5 years there is no relationship with caries predictors (p = 0.730) and caries severity (p = 0.428).

Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which causes significant distress for the individual, their family members and friends. If left untreated, symptoms of schizophrenia can be persistent and disabling. Cognitive perceptual impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and several studies have demonstrated that it is strongly related with daily functioning and other functional outcomes. Several RCTs have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia improve negative symptomatology after cognitive rehabilitation. The prevalence of schizophrenia affects patient’s participation in functional tasks. The aim of this review was to explore literature; published in the past 15 years in the area of cognitive perceptual deficits in schizophrenia and functional impairments caused due to it. We also explored the strategies for remediation. In this integrated mini review, published researches were reviewed including RCTs, observational studies, interventional , experimental, correlational studies, case reports and systematic reviews. To conclude, it was analyzed that dysfunctions in working memory, attention and abstract thinking and problem solving have been extensively documented in schizophrenia, which may improve slightly with remedial strategies.

Objective: To study patients with PPPD during the study period and to identify the predisposing factors giving rise to this condition Methodology: Patients attending the Neurology outpatient department at Aarogyam Neuroclinic, Durgapur, West Bengal from January 2021 to October 15, 2021 fulfilling the Modified Barany society criteria for PPPD were included in the study. All these patients were examined in detail and all necessary investigations were done to rule out other differential diagnosis. Results: Total of 60 patients satisfied the diagnostic criteria of PPPD during the study period .Out of 60 patients, 40 (66.67%) were male and 20(33.33%) were female. Most common Age groups were 40-49 years(31.66%),30-39 years(25%) and 60-69(18.33%).A study of the risk factors showed Anxiety disorders(43.33%), Migraine(31.66%), Combination of Migraine and Anxiety disorder(23.33%), Pheripheral vertigo related conditions(23.33%), Insomnia(16.66%), Fibromyalgia(10%) and depression(10%). In pheripheral vertigo related disorders- 8 had benign positional postural vertigo,2 had vestibular neuritis, 1 had meniers disease and 2 unclassified disorder. 24(40%) patients had degenerative cervical or Lumbar pain related to degenerative spine diseases. Conclusion: It is a common disorder seen in the age group 30-50 years. Most common predisposing causes are Anxiety disorder ,Migraine, combination of both and peripheral vertigo related disorders. Many of the patients have associated pain disorders like fibromyalgia and spine diseases.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare finding which usually occurs in association with local factors such as cirrhosis, malignancy, pancreatitis, intraabdominal infections or systemic hypercoagulable states. It may present acutely as abdominal pain, ascites, fever or exist in a chronic state which is generally asymptomatic and an incidental finding. With advancement in Imaging and laboratory studies, PVT cases are diagnosed more frequently along with its predisposing factors. The invention of JAK2 mutation and it’s addition to the WHO criteria for Myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) diagnosis, has increased the number of MPN cases which were previously labelled idiopathic. We present a case of 54 year old female diagnosed with unprovoked PVT with bowel ischemia and JAK 2 mutation positive, managed surgically and with long term anticoagulation.

Aim: to assess the relationship between deep overbite with palatal impingement and periodontal health status in a cohort of adult Saudi dental patients. Materials and Methods:Ten patients (4 males and 6 females, aged 16 to 31 years old) with deep traumatic overbite and palatal impingement were examined. A Hawley retainer appliance with an anterior bite plate was provided for all patients.Pocket depth, bleeding index, gingival index, plaque index and mobility were recorded for four visits after using the appliance with fixed intervals in-between. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between visits, control /experimental teeth and surfaces (palatal /labial) for pocket depth, bleeding index, plaque index,gingival index and mobility. Results:Statistically significant differences between visits 1-4 were reported for all measurements: pocket depth, bleeding index, gingival index, and mobility (p=0.05), except for plaque index (p=0.43). Comparison between control vs experimental teeth showed significant differences for bleeding index (p=0.026), gingival index (p=0.014), and mobility (p=0.00). Conclusion: The results of the current study showed a clear association between deep traumaticoverbite with palatal impingement and the periodontal health of the upper anterior segment which indicate that traumatic overbite is a contributing factor in the development and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.In cases of deep overbite, using Hawley retainer with anterior bite plate can eliminate the gingival trauma and improve the general condition of the periodontium

When we talk about psychosis and psychotic disorders, we have in mind patients with disorganized thinking, mental retardation, delusions, and other similar symptoms associated with damage to the brains normal functioning. Psychosis, however, is not the only cause of dysfunction, the abnormal functioning of the brain. The onset of psychosis may be due to psychological factors, with stress to be one of the main factors. Psychological and environmental factors interact with biological ones creating fertile ground for the development of psychosis. Anxiety, stress, depression, immigration, social stress, and consequently stressful life events are the leading causes of a psychotic episode. In this article, we will try to examine the following parameters: 1) what are the psychological-environmental factors that contribute to the onset of psychosis, and 2) what is their relationship with biological factors.