The real challenge regards depression is the barriers associated with its diagnosis and treatment. These barriers are present due to the stigma associated with depression, as many individuals do not consider depression disease and believe it should not require any medical treatment. To overcome this stigma, there are several depression awareness programs started worldwide to make our population aware of depression. Thus, this was the aim of our study; it was conducted via a questionnaire survey with 300 random subjects. The results showed a significant variation among healthcare professionals vs. non-healthcare professionals. There was no significant difference among gender or age variations.

Introduction: The relation between some risk factors and its impact on COVID 19 progression was described; as well as the effectiveness of certain vaccines. Material and methods: Recent articles from different digital platforms were consulted for this manuscript. Results: Several studies have shown that some of the main risk factors for COVID 19 were age, hypertension and obesity. Conclusion: From the studies reviewed in this article, it is concluded that hypertension is one of the aggravating factors in COVID 19 disease due to ACE receptors; vitamin D and the use of different vaccines were also discussed.

Objectives: The dental profession is one of the occupations at the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection because of the involvement of aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and perception of dentists regarding COVID19 infection control in Bangalore city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dentists in Bangalore city using an online questionnaire. The questions were related to socio-demographic data and the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of the dentists towards COVID-19 and infection control during dental practice. A sample size of 254 dentists was obtained after duration of 2 months. Descriptive statistics were performed and the data obtained were presented in the form of graphs and tables Results: The study included 254 participants (188 females and 66 males) majority of whom belonged to an age group of < 30 years (78.3%). A total of 209 (83.3%) of the study participants have completed a master’s degree in dentistry. Among 254 dentists, 141 (55.5%) of them had received training regarding infection control in dentistry while only 102 (40.2 %) of them had attended any training regarding COVID-19. Majority of the dentists were aware about the symptoms, modes of transmission, diagnosis, risk identification and important measures for prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Most of the dentists perceived COVID-19 as a serious public health issue (85.4%). Conclusions: The study has shown an acceptable level of awareness and preparedness among the dentists working in Bangalore city considering the aim of the study. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection is a novel disease and is yet to be fully explored. Adequate research has to be carried out to shed light on the unexplored areas regarding COVID-19 and infection control.

This article aimed to determine effects of 12 weeks of combined L-carnitine supplementation and moderate-intensity exercise on cardiovascular markers and bone health status in overweight and obese individuals. Sixty-eight participants (mean age: 29.03 ± 6.02 years old) were divided into control (C), L-carnitine supplement (S), exercise (E), combined L-carnitine and exercise (SE) groups. Participants in S and SE groups consumed 1 tablet of 1000mg L-carnitine daily. Participants in E and SE groups performed 30 minutes of brisk walking (50% HRmax), and continued with 10 to 20 minutes of Tabata exercise per session, 3 times per week. After 12 weeks of intervention, there were significant reduction in body weight (p< 0.05), body mass index (p< 0.05), fat percentage (p< 0.05), fat mass (p< 0.05), and increases fat free mass (p< 0.01) in S, E and SE groups. Regarding waist to hip ratio, blood glucose and total cholesterol, only E and SE groups showed improvements (p<0.05) and the greatest reduction was observed in SE group. No significant changes in insulin resistance in any groups. Additionally, S, E and SE groups also showed enhancement in both dominant and non-dominant radial and tibial speed of sound (p< 0.05) within and between the groups.

Transcatheter occlusion of ASD with device is an effective,alternative to surgical repair : feasible and safe procedure with minimal complication rate and short hospital stay, as well as excellent short and long term outcome .However, large ASDs (>38 mm) and defects with deficient rims are usually not offered transcatheter closure but are referred for surgical closure. Transcatheter closure also remains controversial for other complicated ASDs with comorbidities, additional cardiac features and in small children. Previous studies have shown high success rate, low complication rate and less discomfort[1,2] . With the devices and technology currently available, several cohort studies have reported successful percutaneous closure in the above-mentioned complex cases. However the feasibility and safety of transcatheter technique needs to be confirmed through larger studies and longer follow-up.

Fourniers gangrene is a serious infection of the genital and perineal area, potentially fatal with a higher prevalence in males; It is considered a urological emergency, for which an opportune diagnosis is the norm. Patients present with systemic symptoms, genital discomfort, intense and penetrating pain in the perineoscrotal region. The prognosis is usually ominous, in most cases it is influenced by factors specific to the immunocompromised host, as well as by factors. The mortality rate is estimated to be 88%. A high index of diagnostic suspicion is essential, based on the accelerated progression of symptoms of an infectious process in the genital region, such as blisters, necrosis, and fetid lesions. The diagnosis of the disease focuses on laboratory and imaging studies. The basis of treatment is surgical intervention, in the same way the administration of antibiotics is recommended as soon as possible. Patients with a timely diagnosis who underwent debridement have a lower risk of mortality.

Fertility problems affect between 4 and 5 million couples each year in Mexico alone, according to data recorded by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI). Endometriosis is a benign disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, which are estrogen-dependent and have resistance to progesterone. The main clinical manifestations are pelvic pain, infertility and the presence of an adnexal mass. The use of transvaginal ultrasound is able to detect endometriomas >20 mm. The gold standard is diagnostic laparoscopy. One of the drugs that has begun to be used in the management of infertility in patients who are candidates for in vitro fertilization is Dienogest, which is a fourth generation progesterone agonist. Dienogest has been shown to be effective in most cases and shows potential for treating and resolving infertility associated with endometriosis and added symptoms.

A 40 year old male subject came to MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad with complaints of left lower molar tooth ache for 7 months and swelling of jaw, which gradually increased in size over 2 months. The patient is unable to open his mouth completely with restriction of jaw movements.History of weight loss. He is a chronic smoker for 20 years and takes alcohol occasionally.

Paraquat poisoning in the modern era has become a major medical health problem, due to its high case fatality rate. The toxicological importance of this herbicide is due to its inherent toxicity and lack of specific antidote . It is one of the commonly used agents responsible for death among the reported pesticide poisonings in south east Asian countries. The high mortality rates associated has led to the withdrawal of this herbicide from the market by the European Union in 2007, but in developing countries like India it is widely marketed due to its low cost and high efficacy . Although several studies have been done globally, there are no extensive published human trials. In Asian pacific regions where pesticides are commonly used for suicidal or homicidal ingestion, it has become a subject of concern and there is a growing need to focus on prevention due lack of specific antidote .This article endeavors to revisit the profile of paraquat (PQ) and to investigate the impacts of this chemical on human health with a future direction to create awareness about this highly toxic nonselective herbicide and to consider it as a part of national strategy to lower suicidal mortality rates.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a lethal infection caused by saprophytic fungi in immunocompromised patients. Haematological malignancy patients with superseeded COVID 19 infection are more predisposed to mucormycosis with high mortality.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 SARS-CoV 2 is also known as coronavirus disease 19 COVID19. It originated in Wuhan Hubei province Peoples Republic of China in December 2019 and it spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging and circulating around the world throughout the COVID19 pandemic namely the original wild-type the Alpha variant the Beta variant the Delta variant and the Gamma variant. In third wave the notorious variant was the Delta variant it was well-known for quick transmissibility causing high morbidity and mortality. In late November 2021 the Omicron variant was first detected in South Africa.

Cough is the common reflex produced for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), however, a cough can also be a symptom of other hidden conditions like asthma or other lung diseases. The immune modulation with Ayurvedic formulations as possible therapeutic measures is the need of time. Ancient Indian medicinal system of Ayurveda has a wide scope for treating many diseases by the theory of Rasayana. Rasayana in other terms are called as preparations from plant or herbal sources which have immunomodulatory properties. As this is a Pilot study each participant is supplied with the Swaswin D Vyro (Virofight) 625 mg two tablets twice a day, Swaswin Asthaloc 600 mg two tablets twice a day, Syrup Swaswin Kaphano 5 ml twice a day after food with lukewarm water at each visit.The results were assessed with a scale developed by Ayushakti Ayurveda Pvt Ltd. The scale is general, and self-administered. It consists of seven symptoms in the respiratory tract. Individual scale symptom responses are assigned a score between 0 (none) to 10 (Extreme). Total assessment of the result was done on the basis of relief from symptoms of the disease.This combination is helpful for viral infection of healthy individuals as well as in asthma-like chronic conditions of the respiratory tract, including patients with comorbid conditions. This combination acts as an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, immune modulatory and antitussive.

The COVID-19 infection which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe respiratory illness especially in male adolescents. This systematic review article aimed to compile and illustrate clinical features, diagnostic findings, management, and outcomes manifesting in adolescents in myocarditis associated with mRNA Covid-19. A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE and PubMed. All eligible case reports and case series were included from around the world without any language restrictions. For this review, inclusion criteria were confirmed-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases reporting a diagnosis of myocarditis in adolescents. A total of 6 articles with a total number of 107 patients were included. Patients presented with fatigue, fever, headache, malaise and chest pain. The median age of these patients was 16.23 years. Cardiac biomarkers troponin was raised in almost 78.5% of patients. Elevated C-reactive protein levels were also reported in some of the patients. Electrocardiography results demonstrated ST-segment division while echocardiography showed normal in 4.67% of the studied patients and left ventricular systolic function in 3.74%. Hydroxychloroquine, antiviral therapy, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous immunoglobin, and glucocorticoids were the most frequent used medications with no death recorded. Common available data on COVID-19 myocarditis among adolescents is limited. Further research is therefore needed to advance the understanding of COVID-19 myocarditis among adolescents.

INTORODUCTION: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease by Flaviviridae family causing wide spectrum of disease ranging from subclinical disease, severe flu-like symptoms to severe dengue associated with severe bleeding, organ impairment and/or plasma leakage with higher risk of death when not managed appropriately. WHO classifies as DF/ DHF/DSS earlier, at present as Dengue (with or without warning signs) and Severe Dengue. The virus may be detected by NS1antigen and by ELISA IgM IgG antibodies. Thrombocytopenia is one of the laboratory parameter in grading severity, a study is planned during an epidemic in south Karnataka region which would have a substantial impact on management by reducing morbidity and mortality associated with dengue. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To correlate warning signs, laboratory parameters in different age groups, sex, with severity of thrombocytopenia with management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study conducted at south Karnataka for patients more than 15 years with Dengue NS1Antigen positive or IgM/IgG positive and Platelet count less than 1, 50,000 per dl. Detailed clinical history and detailed physical examination was recorded in a prescribed preform and subjected to Dengue NS1Antigen, IgM and IgG antibodies, Complete blood count, Random Blood Sugar, Urine analysis, Liver Function tests, Renal Function tests, Abdominal sonography, ECG and managed conservatively. Data was entered in Microsoft Office Excel Sheet 2010 and analyzed. RESULTS: There are 124 thrombocytopenia, out of which 76 severe,34 moderate and 14 mild thrombocytopenia ,74(60%) are NS1 positive and 57(46%) are IgM positive,79 males (64%) and 45 females (36%), 49%are in 15-30 age (12% in 15-20, 37% in 21-30)and 20% in 31-40age, commonest clinical presentations along with fever are Headache 70%, myalgia 68%, nausea and vomiting 41%, arthralgia 27%, warning signs are abdominal pain 18%, bleeding manifestations 6%, restlessness 8%, altered sensorium 4%, bradycardia 26%, hypotension 17%, hepatomegaly 11%, abnormal laboratory parameters are leucopenia in 43%, abnormal renal function tests in 20%, elevated liver enzymes in 35% cases88%.There are 88% Dengue with warning signs,24% Severe Dengue with 17% circulatory collapse, 14% renal, 8% hepatic and 4% nervous involvement. Platelet transfusion done only in 27%. CONCLUSION: Moderate to severe thrombocytopenia in young adults with NS1 / IgM positive is the commonest warning sign followed by abdominal pain, bleeding manifestations, restlessness, altered sensorium, leucopenia, bradycardia, hypotension, polyserositis, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia, abnormal renal function tests . Majority require supportive management and maynot require platelet transfusion. Early recognition of warning signs and meticulous management can reduce the morbidity and mortality of dengue.