Introduction. Internal hernias represent the protrusion of intestinal loops through congenital or acquired openings into the mesentery or peritoneum. One such hernia is the paraduodenal hernia, which is the most common type of internal hernia (53%). Due to the variable and non-specific clinical presentation, the preoperative diagnosis of these hernias is difficult. Despite the available studies, they generally present with intestinal occlusion, making their diagnosis during laparoscopy or laparotomy. Preoperative abdominal computed tomography facilitates diagnosis and timely surgical intervention [3]. Case presentation. This paper presents the case of a 19-year-old male patient with left paraduodenal hernia. He came to the emergency room with severe abdominal pain. Diagnosis was established by computed tomography and a converted surgical procedure was successfully performed. Discussion: Acute intestinal obstruction caused by a left paraduodenal hernia is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. Conclusion. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and it was found that the herniated intestine was viable, for which it was decided to reduce it and close the defect, obtaining good clinical results in the patient.

Aims: COVID-19 pandemic is a very troubling phenomenon with the very fast transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a Public Health Emergency of Concern for the World. Fluctuating cases occur due to mobility and poor health protocols. COVID-19 is increasing rapidly and spreading in every country. In the world on June 18, 2021, there were 176,945,596 cases with 3,836,828 deaths. West Java was ranked second with 350,719 cases. Tarogong Kaler Garut sub-district is in second position, namely 983 cases, 52 cases in Mekarwangi Village. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors are related to the role of Religious Leaders and Community Leaders in efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Instruments & Methods: This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sample is 84 residents of RW 01 Mekarwangi Village with a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained from questionnaires via a google form. Findings: There is a relationship between age (P value: 0,020), gender, education, occupation, knowledge, attitudes, and efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 with the role of religious leaders and community leaders in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 carried out by residents of RW 01 Mekarwangi Village. Conclusion: Community leaders and religious leaders need to increase their role in efforts to mobilize the community to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.

Aims: COVID-19 pandemic is a very troubling phenomenon with the very fast transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a Public Health Emergency of Concern for the World. Fluctuating cases occur due to mobility and poor health protocols. COVID-19 is increasing rapidly and spreading in every country. In the world on June 18, 2021, there were 176,945,596 cases with 3,836,828 deaths. West Java was ranked second with 350,719 cases. Tarogong Kaler Garut sub-district is in second position, namely 983 cases, 52 cases in Mekarwangi Village. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors are related to the role of Religious Leaders and Community Leaders in efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Instruments & Methods: This research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sample is 84 residents of RW 01 Mekarwangi Village with a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained from questionnaires via a google form. Findings: There is a relationship between age (P value: 0,020), gender, education, occupation, knowledge, attitudes, and efforts to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 with the role of religious leaders and community leaders in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 carried out by residents of RW 01 Mekarwangi Village. Conclusion: Community leaders and religious leaders need to increase their role in efforts to mobilize the community to prevent the transmission of COVID-19.

Background: Functional dyspepsia is the collection of upper gastrointestinal symptoms without structural abnormalities. It can be experienced by all populations, including medical students due to certain eating habits and types of food intake. This study aimed to determine the association between eating habits and types of food intake with functional dyspepsia among first-year pre clinical and clinical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University (SIU) Jakarta. Methods : This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. Eating habits, type of food intake, and functional dyspepsia were assessed using a dietary questionnaire, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and Rome IV criteria functional dyspepsia questionnaire. Results : Among 80 subjects are predominated female. Proportion of functional dyspepsia was 47.5% for preclinical and 65% for clinical students, respectively.The frequency of having main meals only 1-2 times/day were 70% in clinical students and 60% in pre-clinical students. Ratio between preclinical and clinical student not having dinner 55% vs. 20%, and not having breakfast 52.5% vs. 37.5%. The clinical students consumed more spicy food and irritating drinks and most of clinical and pre-clinical students have not consumed sour foods. Conclusion: There was significant relationship between having main meals 1-2 times/day, not having breakfast and not having dinner with functional dyspepsia in first-year clinical and first year pre-clinical student. This is also relationship between eating spicy food and irritative drinks with functional dyspepsia in clinical students at the Syarif Hidayatullah Faculty of Medicine, SIU Jakarta.

Delirium is a common and severe neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute changes in attention, cognition, and consciousness. It can present in different clinical forms, including hyperactive and hypoactive delirium. Hyperactive delirium is characterized by increased psychomotor activity, agitation, and disruptive behavior, while hypoactive delirium is characterized by reduced psychomotor activity, somnolence, and decreased responsiveness. The diagnosis of hyperactive and hypoactive delirium involves a comprehensive evaluation of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to identify underlying causes and exclude other conditions. Prompt recognition and accurate diagnosis are crucial for appropriate management and treatment. The management of hyperactive and hypoactive delirium aims at addressing the underlying etiology, ensuring patient safety, and alleviating distressing symptoms. Treatment strategies include the optimization of medical conditions, discontinuation or adjustment of offending medications, and supportive care. Pharmacological interventions, such as the use of sedative medications for hyperactive delirium or stimulant agents for hypoactive delirium, may be considered when necessary. Multidisciplinary collaboration involving healthcare professionals, including physicians, nurses, and therapists, is essential for the comprehensive care of patients with hyperactive and hypoactive delirium. In conclusion, hyperactive and hypoactive delirium are distinct clinical manifestations of an acute confusional state. Their identification, diagnosis, and management require a multidimensional approach to address the underlying causes and alleviate symptoms. Early recognition and appropriate interventions are crucial for improving patient outcomes and enhancing their overall well-being.

Post ERCP pancreatitis, also known as post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, is a potentially serious complication that can occur after this endoscopic procedure. It is characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas, triggered by the manipulation and trauma induced during ERCP. This clinical condition manifests with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating and fever. It varies in severity and may be associated with significant complications, such as pancreatic pseudocysts, abscesses, systemic infections, gastrointestinal bleeding, bile duct and pancreatic duct obstruction, as well as the possibility of pancreatic necrosis. Management involves a multidisciplinary approach, including supportive measures, analgesic therapy and, in severe cases, hospitalization and additional procedures such as percutaneous drainage or surgery. To prevent this complication, precautions are recommended during ERCP, such as the use of aseptic techniques, careful handling of endoscopic instruments and prophylactic use of medications. In conclusion, post-ERCP pancreatitis requires early diagnosis, an appropriate therapeutic approach and close surveillance to avoid adverse consequences and promote patient recovery.

Introduction Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a serious, late complication of measles, and the prognosis remains poor in the absence of effective treatment, underscoring the role of vaccination in its prevention. Objectives We describe the clinicobiological and evolutionary profile of 16 patients recruited from the B chu de Constantine pediatric department. Patients and methods Study of16 cases: epidemiological, clinical, EEG, biological and evolutionary profile. Results16 cases of SSPE were collected, 75% were male, 70% were aged between 24 and 59 months, almost all patients had had measles, 98% within the first 24 months of life, 93% had not been vaccinated against measles, SSPE occurred in more than 50% of cases between 24 and 48 months after measles, all had received treatment (100% corticosteroids and immunoglobulins), 87% antiepileptics and 25% rituximab, the course was characterized by stabilization: 27%, death: 33% deterioration:40% of cases. Comments and discussion SSPE is a rare complication occurring a few years after recovery from measles Almost all our patients had not been vaccinated against measles. in our patients, the median age at onset of SSPE was 4.5 years This earlier onset of SSPE in recent studies than reported in older studies suggests early onset of measles, viral mutation or a fragile immune system. Almost all patients were unvaccinated against measles; 40% of patients died, 31% worsened (stage IV) and 37% stabilized. Conclusion Given the poor prognosis of SSPE, the best way to control this disease is to vaccinate the target population against measles.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the factors that can trigger atherosclerosis which is characterized by abnormalities in lipid metabolism in the blood, especially increased LDL levels above normal. The increase in level of LDL stimulates the production of several cytokines that can affect the increase in acute phase proteins, especially fibrinogen. The presence of fibrinogen functions in increasing the Erytrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) through its positive charge to neutralize the surface of erythrocytes. Prevention efforts to reduce ESR use herbal plants that do not have side effects, namely robusta coffee. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in robusta coffee is thought to be effective in reducing ESR through inhibition of cytokine production in the inflammatory response. Objective: This study aimed to determine differences in ESR values ??after administration of robusta coffee to hyperlipidemia rats. Methods: Fiveteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 research groups including the control group (K), the hyperlipidemia group (H), and the hyperlipidemia + coffee group (C). Induction of hyperlipidemia by feeding duck egg yolk and pork oil. The calculation of the ESR level uses the Westegreen method in mm/hour. Results and Conclusions: Robusta coffee can affect the decrease in ESR values ??in hyperlipidemia rats

The prevalence of intestinal protozoa among primary school-aged children in five communities in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State was investigated. Faecal samples were collected from 300 presumably healthy primary school-aged children from the five selected communities within Yenagoa Metropolis. Laboratory analysis was carried out on the faecal samples using zinc sulphate floatation method and formol-ether concentration technique. Demographic data of age, sex and nature of school attended (public or private), were recorded at the point of sample collection. Out of the 300 children investigated, 61 (20.3%) were positive for one type of intestinal protozoa or the other. Etegwe Community recorded the highest prevalence (30%), followed by Okutukutu (25%), Agudama (18.3%), Opolo (16.7%) while Azikoro Community recorded the least prevalence (11.7%). Among the intestinal protozoa identified, Entamoeba histolytica recorded the highest prevalence (57.4%), followed by Giardia lamblia (24.6%), Entamoeba coli (13.1%) and Toxoplasma gondii (4.9%). The age range prevalence for intestinal protozoa recorded 24%, 22.4%, 22% and 10% for 13-15 years, 10-12years, 7-9 years and 4-6years respectively. More male children (23.6%) were infected compared to the females (17.5%). The laboratory analysis further revealed that prevalence was more among children that attend public school (24.7%) than those in private schools (14.6%). Increased personal hygiene, sanitation, provision of toilet facilities, provision of good drinking water, reduction of contact with flooded areas and health education in schools will reduce the prevalence of these intestinal protozoa in the study area.

Finding alternative strategies to confront bacterial resistance is an urgent need. Biofilm-forming bacteria have become a serious problem in medicine. Bacteria can use biofilm as a mechanism of resistance against antibacterial drugs. The aim of this study was to study times kill kinetic of Drypetes gosswelleri and Echinops giganteus essential oils, the antibiofilm formation activity and their effect on cell release compounds. Times kill kinetic was study by quantification of cellular growth over time in Petri dish after her inoculation by the cells treated with antibacteria at MBC and incubation at different times during 24h. The antibiofilm activity carried out by microdilution using 96 wells microplate. The production of biofilms by cells treated was observed and quantified after coloration by Crystal Violet dye and spectrophotometric dosage at 630nm. The effect on cell release compounds are study by determination of absorbent material in extracellular medium at 260nm after exposure at the antibacterial during 24h. The results obtained showed that, these EOs have an ability to kill bacterial cells over time, Drypetes gossweileri EOs like Ciprofloxacin, caused the death of all the cells in the inoculum treated before 14h of exposure of Staphylococcus aureus strain. Against Salmonella enteritidis strain, Drypetes gossweileri and Echnops giganteus EOs kill all the cells after 24h like the two antibiotics. One effect of the action these EOs on the strains elucidated in this study was the leakage of intracellular absorbent materials (DNA and RNA) this materialized a diminution of membrane permeability and cell wall integrity.

Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the adipose tissue of the mesentery. Also known as mesenteric lipogranulomatosis or mesenteric retraction syndrome, this condition presents with the formation of inflammatory nodules in the mesentery, composed of adipose tissue, inflammatory cells, fibrosis and vascular changes. Although the exact etiology of mesenteric panniculitis is not yet fully understood, a relationship with abnormal immune responses, genetic predisposition, autoimmune diseases and previous infections has been suggested. In addition, a possible association with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohns disease and systemic lupus erythematosus has been raised. Patients with mesenteric panniculitis may present with a variety of symptoms, including chronic and diffuse abdominal pain, tenderness in the affected area, weight loss, nausea, vomiting and changes in bowel patterns. In more severe cases, inflammatory nodules may compress adjacent structures, which can lead to complications such as intestinal obstruction or mesenteric ischemia.

In Iraq, international referral programs have been adopted, governed by specific inclusion measures. Basra government has adopted an international referral program as a solution to local medical problems, which targeted several countries, mainly Turkey. Since, there has been no party evaluated this program, this study was conducted to assess an international medical referral program. To conduct the study, the assessors used the database at Basra Government offices to obtain the relevant information to be used as a reference to improve the program in the future. The total number of patients was 833, 53% of them were males and 59.42% were children. After re-assessment of medical conditions of the referred patients, 94.8% of the patients were managed successfully, 2.1% of them did not need surgery, in 1.1% the disease stage was inoperable, 0.6% were not fit from health point of view to be operated on, and 0.4% died. Comparative assessments of the program with similar programs implemented in other countries and in Iraq need to be conducted. The assessment showed a high treatment success rate among the referred patients, which can arrow to that there were some gaps in the Iraqi health system in the fields of pediatric CVS diseases, bone marrow and liver transplant and ophthalmology should be fixed. These gaps include shortage in qualified resources in Iraq.

Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis (GE) in children under 5 years of age with a high incidence between the ages of 6 and 23 months. After one year of introduction in the EPV in Cameroon, it was interesting to evaluate the vaccine efficacy of Rotarix in the field. To this end, we set ourselves the objective of evaluating the field efficacy of Rotarix® in children aged 2 to 24 months in selected District Hospitals of the Centre-Cameroon Region. We conducted a case-control study in children aged 2 to 24 months ; 77 subjects were included in our study and stool samples were collected from March to August of 2015. Antigenic detection of Rotavirus was carried out by an immunochromatographic test (rapid test). We had a sex ratio of 1.3 in favour of the male sex ; the age groups most represented were those of 2 to 6 months and 18-24 months, i.e. 28.6% each ; 50 subjects had been vaccinated (exposure to the protection factor) with 1 positive case and 27 non-vaccinated with 6 positive cases, i.e. a vaccination coverage of 64.94%. Of the subjects found positive, those in the 2-12 months age group represented 42.9%, compared to 57.1%. For vaccine efficacy, statistical analysis was performed using Epi info software version 7.1.3.0 and the odds ratio was estimated to be 0.0714 with 95% CI bounds 0.0081; 0.6305. The resulting field efficacy according to the WHO proposed formula is 92.86% with 95% bounds of CI 36.95% to 99.19%. These results should be complemented by similar studies for each region of the country to determine the field efficacy of Rotarix in Cameroon.

Majocchi granuloma is an uncommon but relevant clinical entity involving deep infection of hair follicles and dermal layers by dermatophytes. Although its exact incidence and prevalence are not well established due to its rarity, it has been observed predominantly in young adults of both sexes. The clinical presentation of Majocchi granuloma is characterized by the presence of nodules, papules or pustules in areas of increased hair density, which can be painful, pruritic and even ulcerate. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to its clinical similarity to other skin conditions, requiring a thorough evaluation including clinical history, physical examination and sometimes complementary tests such as microscopic examination, culture of skin samples and biopsy. Treatment of Majocchi granuloma is based on the administration of antifungal therapy, either topical or systemic, to eliminate the infection and control the inflammatory response. Topical antifungals are usually appropriate for localized skin lesions, while systemic antifungals are reserved for more extensive or resistant cases. In addition, additional measures such as symptom relief and prevention of complications are important. Despite the lack of epidemiologic and clinical studies, increased awareness and understanding of Majocchi granuloma is required to facilitate its early diagnosis and optimal management. Future research is needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to adequately address this condition and provide appropriate care for affected patients.

Wound healing is a complex process involving inflammation, cellular proliferation, and matrix remodeling. However, skins regenerative capacity varies across species, and adult mammals, including humans, have limited ability to fully regenerate tissue. Scar formation is a common outcome of wound healing, impacting quality of life. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in wound healing, influencing inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Dysregulated miRNAs can impair wound healing. Additionally, miRNAs play roles in wound healing, autoimmune diseases, and allergies. Understanding miRNA involvement offers insights into mechanisms and potential therapies for managing these conditions.

Coronary artery disease is a major global health problem, leading to the accumulation of atheromatous plaque within the tunica intima of the coronary artery, limiting blood perfusion throughout the heart. To restore normal blood flow within the coronary artery, the coronary artery is expanded using a balloon-tipped catheter and a stent is placed. Drug-eluting coronary stents are the most effective option in percutaneous coronary intervention while reducing restenosis. However, the implantation of a stent can cause other complications such as infection and thrombosis. The case of a 51-year-old man is presented, who presents a picture of oppressive chest pain intensity 10/10, radiating to the neck and left scapula, an electrocardiogram with ST-segment depression in V3-V6 is performed, coronary angiography is performed with coronary artery disease of multiple vessels, stent restenosis of the circumflex and anterior descending artery, with chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery, saccular aneurysm of the anterior descending artery. At 3 weeks he presented fever spikes and new very high-risk angina events due to dynamic electrocardiographic changes in the anterolateral face, for which blood cultures were taken, resulting positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Complications such as stenosis phenomenon and stent thrombosis occur in approximately 2% of cases, while coronary stent infection occurs in less than 0.1% of cases.

Background: Wound infections are one of the most prevalent hospital acquired illnesses and a significant contributor to morbidity. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections worsen the condition in developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries. Aim: The purpose of this research was to identify the frequency of various bacterial pathogens and their sensitivity to various kinds of antibiotics in various categories of wound infections in randomly selected Basra City hospitals. Method: Fifty-seven patients with wound infection were involved in this cross sectional study, which was conducted by extracting data from the records of hospital laboratories, where information about bacterial examination of swabs taken by hospital staff from infected wounds and cultured with antibiotic sensitivity test by laboratory staff for treatment purposes. Results and Conclusions: The median age of patients was 38 years, 59.65% of them were males. The most frequent bacteria encountered was Klebsiella pneumonia (24.56%). Single bacterial growth was dominant (86% of cultured bacteria). In antibiotic sensitivity test Gentamycin (7.19%), Ciprofloxacin (5.92%), Amikacin (5.50%), and Tobramycin (5.36%) were the most frequent antibiotics tested, while Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Clarithromycin, and Nalidixic acid were the least used. The highest sensitivity shown by the cultured bacteria was to Tigecycline (92.86%), Lenizoild (90.91%), and Teicoplanin, (80.00%), although they had not been tested widely. While, the antibiotics to which the cultured bacteria did not show any sensitivity were Lomefloxacin (0.00), Ceftriaxone (0.00), and Nalidixic Acid (0.00). Also, the antibiotics to which there had been high resistance were Piperacillin (17.14%) and Minocycline (13.64%).

Parenteral nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of surgical patients who cannot receive sufficient nutrition orally or enterally. This review article analyzes the epidemiology, significance, theoretical framework, complications and discussion of parenteral nutrition in surgical patients. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is used to prevent malnutrition, improve wound healing and reduce complications. Complications include infections, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic disorders, and adverse reactions. The optimal duration, composition and personalization of nutritional therapy are debated topics. The importance of a thorough nutritional assessment and monitoring of possible metabolic changes is highlighted. In conclusion, parenteral nutrition is essential in surgical patients, but requires proper implementation and management. The individualization of therapy, nutritional composition and prevention of complications are crucial aspects to consider. More research is required to improve the safety and efficacy of parenteral nutrition in these patients.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes millitus causes a heavy burden on individuals, their families and the community because it affects quality of life and requires long-term and comprehensive health care. Self-care knowledge is an important factor influencing patients self-care behavior to reduce the impact and progression of the diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The study was conducted to find out some factors related to self-care knowledge of patients with type 2 diabetes in Thai Nguyen province tool such as the 30-item Diabetes Self-care Knowledge (DSCK-30). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using the toolkit to assess the 30-item Diabetes Self-care Knowledge (DSCK-30) of patients with diabetes mellitus, was conducted on 408 2TDM patients at Thai Nguyen National Hospital. Results: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had good self-care knowledge; the mean total score of knowledge was 21.20 ± 5.25 out of 30 scores. Self-care knowledge scores ranged from 7 to 30. The percentage of patients with self-care knowledge was still low, accounting for 53.9%. Educational qualification (t-test = -6,522; p = 0.000) and income (t-test = -2.32; p = 0.009) were related to self-care knowledge of patients with diabetes mellitus Conclusion: It is necessary to have a program of counseling and education on self-care knowledge for people with diabetes mellitus (drug compliance, diet, physical activity, blood glucose monitoring, prevention of complications and other essential self-care knowledge) for patients to raise awareness, thereby changing self-care behaviors to help patients control blood glucose level well, prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Aim: To determine the behavioral changes among the students attending online class of age 6 to 18 years. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 109 pupils in the age range of 6 to 18 years was conducted. The ASEB Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report were the scales utilized in this study. Parents of students between the ages of 6 and 10 filled out the CBCL form, and students between the ages of 11 and 18 filled out the YSR form. Result: After dividing the sample into the age groups of 6 to 10 and 11 to 12 years, the results indicate a significant difference with a p value of 0.049. The age group of 6 to 10 years had an analytical score that was noticeably lower in terms of behavioral changes (normal: 42.9%, borderline: 55.6%, clinical: 20.0%) than the age group of 11 to 18 years (normal: 57.1%, borderline: 44.4%, clinical: 80.0%). Conclusion: According to this studys findings, students who take online classes exhibit mild behavioral changes before or during the pandemic, and switching from classroom-based to online learning can be very stressful for kids because it deviates from their usual routine and they are not used to the new style of learning. The anxiousness that students may be experiencing should also be acknowledged by parents and teachers.

This literature review provides a comprehensive analysis of the vaginoplasty procedure for vaginal agenesis reconstruction. Vaginal agenesis is a rare disorder in which the vagina doesnt develop, and the womb (uterus) may only develop partially or not at all. This congenital condition can significantly impact the quality of life and psychosocial well-being of affected individuals. Vaginoplasty, a surgical technique aimed at creating a neovagina, offers a promising solution for these patients. This review critically examines the existing literature, including studies, case reports, and systematic reviews, to evaluate the various surgical techniques, outcomes, complications, and patient satisfaction associated with vaginoplasty for agenesis vagina reconstruction.

Querion de Celso, also known as Celso abscess, is a rare and severe inflammatory condition that arises as a complication of folliculitis. It is characterized by the formation of a purulent and fluctuant abscess in the pilosebaceous region. This dermatological disorder is primarily associated with the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus, into the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Clinically, kerion de Celso presents as a prominent, erythematous, warm, and fluctuant lesion, often accompanied by local pain, restricted movement, and potential systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise. The diagnosis of kerion de Celso relies on a comprehensive evaluation, including clinical assessment, histopathological findings, and microbiological analysis. These diagnostic modalities support the presence of an intense inflammatory response and aid in identifying the causative agent. Treatment of kerion de Celso necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Systemic antibiotics are essential to eliminate the underlying bacterial infection, while analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents provide symptomatic relief. Surgical incision and drainage may be required in cases of extensive abscess formation. In more complex situations, immunosuppressive therapy may be considered to modulate the exaggerated inflammatory response. Adequate wound care and close follow-up are crucial to ensure successful resolution and prevent long-term complications. In summary, Celsos kerion is a rare but potentially severe condition that requires prompt recognition and appropriate management to minimize complications and promote healing. Understanding the clinical, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of this condition is essential for healthcare professionals to deliver optimal care and improve clinical outcomes.

Objective: To explore retrospectively how pretreatment hemoglobin levels affected the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Clinical data of 97 nasopharyngeal cancer patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy between 2000 and 2022 were analyzed. We accepted the cut-off value of hemoglobin as 11.0g/dL. Results: In general, 13 (13%) of patients were Hb=11g/dL, while 84 (86%) was Hb>11g/dL. Median survival times were 76 (95%CI 19-132) months and 205 (95%CI 157-252) months for Hb=11g/dL and Hb>11g/dL patients, respectively. 1, 2, 3 and 5 year survival rates were 67.7%, 67.7%, 67.7% and 58% for Hb=11g/dL and 90.3%, 83.6.2%, 75.2% and 66.1% for Hb>11g/dL patients, respectively, and this difference show no statistical significance (p=0.254). When we evaluated patients according to WHO criteria for anemia (hemoglobin <12g/dL (female) or <13g/dL (male)), the median survival time was 220 (95%CI 190-255) months for non-anemic patients whereas it was 76 (95%CI 0-157) months for anemic patients. 1, 2, 3 and 5 year survival rates were 92.5%, 87.6%, 78.8% and 68.9% for non-anemic and 75%, 67.5%, 63.7% and 55.8% for anemic patients, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.013). Conclusion: In our study, although Hb<11g/dl before chemoradiotherapy did not show a statistically significant difference in nasopharyngeal cancer patients, the median overall survival of 76 months in Hb=11g/dL patients and 205 months for Hb>11g/dL patients. However, pretreatment anemia according to WHO criteria, and Hb=11 g/dL in male patients were found to be independent adverse prognostic factors.

Laparoscopic surgery is a minimal access procedure that maintains the integrity of the abdominal wall, however, it is not exempt from complications, such as vascular and intestinal injuries and the rarest complication: incisional hernia of the trocar port with an incidence of 0.65. -There are risk factors related to the appearance of trocar port hernias, they are divided into those associated with the surgical technique and the characteristics of the patient. We present a clinical case of a patient with an incisional hernia in the laparoscopic trocar port with a subxiphoid location due to cholecystectomy, which was repaired with polypropylene mesh.

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes increasingly integrated into healthcare, it is crucial for clinicians to possess a comprehensive understanding of its capabilities, limitations, and ethical implications. This literature review explores the reasons why clinicians need to be better informed about artificial intelligence, emphasizes the potential benefits of artificial intelligence in healthcare, raises awareness regarding the risks and unintended consequences associated with its use, discusses the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence in healthcare, and underscores the need for ethical guidelines and regulation to harness the potential of artificial intelligence in a responsible manner.

Dermatomyositis is a rare and complex systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the musculoskeletal and cutaneous systems. In this review article, the clinical, pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of dermatomyositis are examined in detail. The characteristic clinical presentation of the disease, which includes symmetrical and proximal muscle weakness, as well as distinctive cutaneous eruptions, such as erythema heliotrope and Gottron papules, is discussed. The underlying mechanisms of the pathophysiology of dermatomyositis, involving a dysregulated immune response, chronic inflammation, and tissue damage to muscles and skin, are discussed. Diagnostic approaches are detailed, involving the integration of clinical findings, dermatological findings, laboratory tests and, in some cases, imaging studies and tissue biopsy. In addition, the therapeutic strategies used are presented, including the use of immunosuppressive drugs, physical and occupational therapy, and supportive measures. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and individualized management to optimize symptom control and improve the quality of life of patients with dermatomyositis is emphasized. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this complex disease, with the hope of fostering a better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of dermatomyositis

Background: Despite vast amount of completed and ongoing researches, the role of immune system in COVID-19 remains unclear. Widespread lung damage as the result of the disease also often causes pulmonary fibrosis as a sequela. Antioxidant property of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has prompted its use as adjuvant therapy in COVID-19, both in immune system regulation and prevention of pulmonary fibrosis. We analyze the role of high dose NAC (>1200 mg/day) in COVID-19 immune response, mediated by major pro-inflammatory COVID-19 cytokines IL-6 and TGF-ß, and in preventing subsequent pulmonary fibrosis, predicted by CRP and D-dimer, known parameters of lung damage in COVID-19. Premature increase of TGF-ß may play a major role in immune system dysregulation in COVID-19. Method This is a non-equivalent experimental study in confirmed COVID patients admitted in our hospital between June 2020 to July 2021. Patients were randomly divided unto NAC and control group, and IL-6, TGF-ß, CRP and D-dimer levels were measured at admission and after 7 days of administration of NAC. Result Compared to control group, there are significant decreases of IL-6, CRP, and D-dimer levels (p=.001, .000, and 0.001, respectively) after NAC administration. TGF-ß level increases in both control and NAC group, although not significantly. Conclusion NAC is a beneficial adjunctive therapy in alleviating immune response in COVID-19 as it lowers IL-6 level. NAC also lowers both CRP and D-dimer levels, which suggests that NAC may prevent post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis by mitigating lung damage caused by the disease.

The term "hostile abdomen" refers to a severe clinical condition characterized by the presence of acute and diffuse inflammation in the abdominal cavity, with life-threatening surgical complications. This clinical entity arises as a result of various etiologies, including severe infections, acute pancreatitis, abdominal trauma, intestinal obstruction, mesenteric ischemia, and postoperative complications. Uncontrolled inflammation in the abdomen leads to a systemic inflammatory response, physiological and biochemical alterations, and compromises the function of multiple organs and systems.

Introduction: Know what customer need in healthcare service is one of important thing for hospital to win competition in competitive era. Importance performance analysis is a method which is show us about two-dimension, importance and performance. IPA tool, it helps hospital leaders and managers to see about their hospital situation and it helps hospital management to analyze about strength and weakness point their hospital and make balance scorecard to achieve hospital strategic plan appropriately. Purpose: To see about using IPA tool and mix it with SWOT and balanced scorecard in develop strategic plan policy at Astrini Hospital Wonogiri Method: we measuring IPA with servperf model five-dimension, tangible, responsiveness, reliability, empathy and safety. Sample of measurement are inpatient patient at Astrini Hospital (25 – 55 years old), and total respondent are fifteen people (n=15), SWOT and Balanced scorecard analysis use in focused group discussion from hospital management based on IPA measurement. Result and discussion: we get four of five dimensions are good and patient is satisfied with hospital performance overall. Tangible dimension is only one with low point (-0,2) and it mean our patient not satisfied with hospital performance. Each dimension, it has some question and it can be hospital leader and manager consideration during analyze SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) & BSC (balanced score card) to develop a hospital strategic plan. Conclusion: Hospital management is must to know what their patient need and want when they come to hospital to seek medical service. Using IPA, and then mix its with SWOT and balanced scorecard can be consideration for hospital management to analyze existing condition and then analyze hospital strategic plan further. Directly scoring from hospital patient, it can be an indicator is the hospital already give them appropriate medical service what they need and expect from hospital.

Introduction: This is a case study of 61 cases admitted in our hospital to study the various etiologies of vocal cord immobility (including both paralysis and paresis of vocal cord) and to study the incidence of vocal cord immobility.Vocal cord paralysis is a common symptom of the disease which can be originated from laryngeal nerve paralysis following laryngeal carcinoma, oesophageal carcinoma, bronchogenic cancers, thyroid neoplasms, surgical procedures in neck and thorax, post anaesthesia complication,or neurologic diseases. Materials and methods: The present study includes all the cases having vocal cord paralysis presenting in out-patient department of Otorhinolaryngology, examination of larynx externally,by indirect laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy was done.All the routine and systemic examination were done. Results: In our study, left vocal cord was the most commonly involved and was observed in 40(65.5%) patients, with neoplasm being the most common cause in 19(31.1%) patients. Right vocal cord involvement was found in 20(32.8%) patients, with neoplasm being the most common cause in 13 (21.3%) patients. The ratio of left side and right side involvement of vocal cord was 2:1 in our study. The longer course of the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve might account for the difference. Conclusion: In our study the etiology which was found to be more common was neoplasms then that of idiopathic causes. The reason behind this could be advanced investigation procedures which allows us to do a thorough work upon any case, but even after that we have found some of Idiopathic causes as well.

Material And Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study in patients with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, attended at CMN La Raza in a period of 5 years, to determine the postoperative recurrence of CBC. Clinical and histological variables were included, which were analyzed with descriptive statistics and for the comparison of variables was used chi-square or exact test of Fisher and U of Mann Whitney, subsequently, multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the independent risk factors, with the use of the statistical package SPSS v25. The study was approved by the ethics and research committee of CMN La Raza. Results: We included 280 patients with CBC, with a median age of 72 years. The majority were 211 women (75.4%). CBC recurrence was observed in 115 (41.1%) patients. In the univariate analysis, age, sex, smoking, history of sunburn, facial area, CBC subtype, perineural and vascular involvement were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the regression model, the independent risk factors associated with postoperative recurrence of CBC were age, male sex, and smoking. Conclusions: The clinical-pathological characteristics were similar to those reported in the literature. In our population, it was observed as independent risk factors for recurrence, adjusted to those already mentioned in the literature, were male sex, age and smoking, so it is important to closely monitor these patients to take measures regarding surgical treatment.

Cholecystectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure to treat gallbladder disease. In recent decades, the technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been developed, which has proven to be a less invasive alternative with better results compared to traditional open cholecystectomy. However, laparoscopic one-port cholecystectomy has recently been introduced as an even less invasive variant. In this literature review article, a comprehensive comparison is made between open cholecystectomy, 4-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy and one-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, evaluating the epidemiology, clinical significance, definition, surgical technique, advantages and complications of each approach.

Staghorn calculus is a urological condition characterized by the presence of large, branching kidney stones in the renal collecting system. Although it is a relatively uncommon entity, its high recurrence rate and associated complications represent a significant clinical challenge. In this article, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment of chorioriform lithiasis is performed. Risk factors, clinical manifestations and associated complications are discussed. In addition, the different diagnostic tools are described in detail, from clinical history and physical examination to urinalysis and imaging studies. Regarding treatment, therapeutic options such as antibiotic therapy, endourological techniques and correction of underlying metabolic disorders are discussed. The importance of long-term follow-up and regular monitoring to prevent recurrence and complications is emphasized. In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive overview of chorioriform lithiasis, providing health care professionals with up-to-date guidance for the successful management of this complex urologic condition.

Introduction: With burn injuries being a global public health burden, and coffees increasing popularity in Indonesia and globally, the study investigating the standard brewing temperatures for coffee and the potential risks posed by higher serving temperatures is needed. Method: We conducted an observational, prospective design study to investigate the temperature at which hot coffee drinks were served to consumers at various coffee outlets in Cirebon, West Java. We measured the initial temperature of the hot coffee at the time of serving and recorded the duration it took for the coffee to reach a milder and recommended safe temperature. We collected data from multiple coffee outlets and determined the average temperature of the served coffee. The study aimed to establish a benchmark for safe serving temperatures, later allowing consumers to enjoy their coffee immediately without risking scald injuries. Results: The average serving temperature of coffee lattes was 54.1°C. While 80% of coffee outlets adhered to safe serving temperatures (60°C or lower), a significant number still served hotter coffee, putting consumers at risk of scalding injuries. Discussion: The standard holding temperature for coffee recommended by the Coffee Brewing Center and the Nordic Coffee Center ranges from 80°C to 85°C (175°F to 185°F). However, serving temperatures can exceed this range and pose a risk of scald burns. Extensive research indicates that spills at higher temperatures, up to 82°C (up to 180°F), can cause serious burns. Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable due to their thinner skin and slower reflexes. The study found that the average serving temperature of coffee lattes in paper cups was 54.1°C, within the safe threshold for immediate consumption. However, some coffee outlets served hotter coffee, putting customers at risk of scalding injuries. It was also observed that coffee makers and drinkers in tropical countries prefer milder temperatures compared to colder regions. Conclusion: Hot coffee consumption can lead to burn injuries, especially scalds, which are a significant public health concern. Although recommended brewing and serving temperatures are higher, they pose a scald risk, particularly for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly. In Cirebon, West Java, the average serving temperature of coffee lattes in paper cups is safe at 54.1°C. However, some coffee outlets serve hotter coffee, endangering customers. To reduce scald burns, coffee outlets should adhere to safe temperatures and educate consumers on cooling time. Safer coffee practices can enhance overall safety and enjoyment of this popular beverage.

Safe motherhood can be defined as efforts towards protecting and promoting the healthy life of the women and that of the babies through pre – conception, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care. It ensures perfect quality of life for women of reproductive age group through medical and non- medical services. The study is a cross sectional, descriptive study carried out among One hundred and eighty (180) mothers in selected communities. Selection was done using simple random sampling technique in the three senatorial districts in Ekiti State. Ethical certificate of clearance and informed consents were obtained for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20 The study shows that safe motherhood knowledge was adequate(77.9) among the respondents. This is really expected because majority (77.2% ) of the mothers are well educated. The study shows that majority (92.5%) has good personal hygiene practice. Safe motherhood services must always be accessible in all health care institution to sustain and improve on the knowledge level and good hygiene practices.

Pressure ulcers or injuries, arise from ischemic damage to soft tissues induced by unrelieved pressure over a bony prominence. They are usually difficult to treat with standard medical therapy and often they recur. Promising alternative methods for treatment are now developing in the search for better treatment choices. Within the field of regenerative medicine, ongoing research on advanced therapies seeks to treat pressure ulcers with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This review was synthesized and obtained from various online databases. Scientific articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. MSCs have anti-inflammatory capabilities, they are very helpful for treating chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers because they can restart healing infected wounds by moving the wound through a chronic inflammatory state and into the subsequent stage of healing. The research indicates that MSCs produce soluble compounds that promote the proliferative and migratory behavior of the dominant cell types in the wound. MSCs promote wound closure with promoting angiogenesis, granulation tissue production, and faster epithelialization. Additionally, it was discovered that the cells create bioactive chemicals that appear to accelerate the regeneration process. These findings show that MSC therapy affects all stages of wound healing, including inflammation, epithelialization, development of granulation tissue, and tissue remodeling. Although there are many medications to treat pressure ulcers, there are surprisingly new therapies that take use of MSCspositive benefits and crucial for wounds that are difficult to heal.

This study aims to assess the risk factors associated with COVID-19 patients at the General Basrah Hospital from June to October 2020. Since COVID-19 is related to acute respiratory distress syndrome, very few interstitial mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates were detected within the heart tissue samples during the research period [3]. The results of the study demonstrate that COVID-19 infections were more common in patients with cardiovascular diseases and acute respiratory. People aged >51 years showed a higher COVID-19 infection rate. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection rates were higher in patients with cardiovascular and acute respiratory diseases. Covid 19 posed a similar risk to males and women.

Plastics are materials that are indispensable and persistent in daily life and can be broken down into micro- or nanoplastics. They consist of lengthy polymer chains combined with additives that, when in touch with various species, may be harmful. The polymer matrix, additives, breakdown products, and pollutants that have been adsorbed can all cause toxicity. Plastics are manufactured from nonrenewable resources, are nonbiodegradable by nature, and can endure in the environment for a long time, So one of the main causes of the risks to the environment and public health is the use of plastic and polythene bags. This study was conducted to determine the present level of awareness among residents of the Basra Governorate of Iraq of the environmental and health risks associated with the use of plastic bags. In Basra Governorate, a survey was carried out in January and February of 2019. Data was collected by questionnaire e survey to any adult person. The majority of participants (76.82 %) were aware of the risks to their health and the environment but continued to use the product since it was so readily available and durable.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are complex conditions with many pathophysiologic pathways, has increased oxidative stress as a possible common cause. For a cell to function normally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants must coexist in a delicate balance. High levels of ROS damage large cellular molecules including DNA, lipids and proteins, ultimately leading to necrosis and death, although their primary function is essential to shed light on biological processes. Oxidative stress, the leading cause of death globally in people with cardiovascular disease, has an impact on a variety of disorders. An increase in reactive oxygen species leads to a decrease in the availability of nitric oxide, which in turn leads to vasoconstriction and arterial hypertension. Reactive oxygen species also impair myocardial calcium processing by inducing apoptotic and hypertrophic signaling, which promote cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias. Last but not least, ROS has been shown to promote the growth of atherosclerotic plaques. This paper seeks to give an overview of oxidative stress in CVD with a focus on endothelial dysfunction before looking more closely at how it affects the most prevalent of these diseases. In order to reduce the impact of oxidative stress on CVD, appropriate nutrition and diets are reviewed afterwards.

Prevalence of cesarean deliveries increases globally. The prevalence of cesarean births increased from 5% in 1970 to 31.9% in 2016. There are short term and long-term complications of cesarean delivery including uterine niche. After a cesarean, the uterus is closed using a variety of methods, such as single- and double-layer closures with/without locking. This study compared single-layer and double-layer uterine closure with regard to the outcomes and complications. This review was synthesized and obtained from various online databases. Scientific articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The result showed that cesarean deliveries is a hysterotomy and an open abdominal incision (laparotomy) to deliver the fetus. An iatrogenic pouch-like defect known as a uterine niche result from improper tissue repair at the site of a prior cesarean scar. Up to 70% of women who have had a prior cesarean section experience uterine niche, of which 30% have symptoms. Compared to a single full-thickness closure, a single-layer, decidua sparing closure approach is more likely to result in an incomplete closure. No differences were discovered between the single- and double-layer closure techniques with locked first layers, but double-layer closures without locking resulted in thicker residual myometrium thickness when compared with locked single-layer closures. It is also possible that the locked suture can strangulate the scar tissue leading to poorer healing. Current evidence shows that no significant difference between single-layer and double-layer uterine closure techniques following in terms of uterine niche development.

Bone fractures are a global public health concern. Fractures are a significant burden on individuals, families, societies, and healthcare systems, because they can cause work absences, decreased productivity, disabilities, reduced quality of life, health loss, and high healthcare expenses. Bone healing is a complex process that allows the repair of broken bones without scar tissue formation. NSAIDs have long been an essential part of our strategy for pain management in post-traumatic environments. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are frequently used by patients as both anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents, is one of these causes. NSAIDs have been investigated for a long time, with conflicting results regarding their effects on bone repairs. Most plant parts have been used as extracts, and they may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties related to these conditions. From the six studies that correlated, we found that the use of plant extracts promotes bone healing by enhancing osteogenesis, the rate of calcification, and the creation and mineralization of bone calli, thereby expediting the process of new bone formation at the fracture location. These benefits may be related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts. From these results, it can be concluded that plant extracts can potentially substitute

Sporotrichosis is an emerging subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii. In this article, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical and treatment of this disease is presented. Relevant aspects of its geographical distribution, risk factors, zoonotic transmission and epidemic outbreaks are discussed. In addition, the clinical variability of sporotrichosis is analyzed in detail, describing its various forms of presentation, including cutaneous, lymphangitic and systemic. Diagnostic challenges associated with its similarity to other mycoses and skin diseases are highlighted, and guidelines for its microbiological diagnosis are provided. Therapeutic options are also discussed, with emphasis on the use of systemic antifungals and the consideration of surgical treatment in selected cases. Finally, the importance of comprehensive knowledge of sporotrichosis to improve early detection, effective clinical management and prevention of complications in patients affected by this fungal infection is highlighted.

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of poisoning and the fates of female patients admitted to the medicine wards of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from 300 female patients. The study examined various factors, including age distribution, occupation, educational background, family structure, religious affiliation, and residential location. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the relationship between these factors and the pattern and outcomes of poisoning incidents. The results showed that the largest age group affected by poisoning incidents was between 20 and 39 years, comprising 67.7% of the population. Suicidal poisoning was the most common pattern, accounting for 95.7% of the cases. In terms of the types of poisoning, insecticides (OPC) were the most frequently reported, representing 60.0% of the incidents. Pesticides kept in the house were the primary source of poisoning, reported in 72.7% of the cases. Regarding the fates of the victims, 66.3% of the patients were completely cured, 30.0% experienced some disability, and 3.7% sadly succumbed to death. Analysis of age groups revealed that the percentage of victims completely cured was highest in the age group of 40-59 years (76.5%), while the percentage of victims cured with some disability was highest in the age group of 60+ years (71.4%). The relationship between age group and the fate of the victims was found to be statistically significant (?2=17.49, df=6, p<0.05). Moreover, the analysis showed a significant relationship between the type of poisoning and the fate of the victims (?2=1.141, df=8, p<0.001). Among different types of poisoning, insecticide (OPC) poisoning resulted in the highest percentage of complete cure (78.3%), while sedative poisoning had the lowest percentage of victims with some disability (11.8%). This study provides valuable statistical insights into the pattern of poisoning and the fates of female patients in a medical setting. The findings emphasize the need for targeted prevention strategies, early medical intervention, and comprehensive support services to improve outcomes and reduce the incidence of poisoning incidents. These results can inform healthcare providers, policymakers, and public health professionals in developing effective interventions an

Appendiceal intussusception is defined as the invagination of a portion of the appendix into its own lumen or into that of the cecum. In adults, the most common etiology is endometriosis (33%), followed by appendiceal mucocele (19%) and appendiceal inflammation (19%) [4]. Symptoms may be absent or mild. Lower abdominal pain or mass may be confused with appendicitis or tuboovarian mass in women. The diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele is often difficult preoperatively, even with the use of imaging. The definitive diagnosis is by histopathology. Treatment is surgical resection with care. Do not spill the contents, to prevent peritoneal pseudomyxoma with a poor prognosis [2]. In the present work, a 53-year-old female is reported with a 72-hour evolution of abdominal pain in the mesogastrium, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, normal vital signs on physical examination, without acute abdominal symptoms, with laboratories within normal parameters. , a computed tomography of the abdomen is taken which reports extensive intussusception at the ileocecal level which extends to the transverse colon, adjacent neoplastic etiology must be ruled out. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, finding intussusception of the ileum in the transverse colon with a 5 x 5 cm blind sentence, for which it was decided to perform a right hemicolectomy + mechanical lateral ileotransverse anastomosis. Patient with favorable evolution, hospitalized for 6 days.

Introduction: Aspergillosis continues to be the most frequent fungal infection in the hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patient, however, in other types of immunocompromised states, such as primary immunodeficiencies, are scarce. Therefore, many times the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is often a diagnostic challenge for the clinician, so we highlight the usefulness of galactomannan in immunocompromised patients for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. Background: Invasive aspergillosis together with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, constitute the clinical forms of aspergillosis. Aspergillus fumigatus-complex is the most frequent etiological agent, the increase in immunosuppressive treatments and the greater use of corticoids have led to a greater prominence of aspergillosis in recent years. The use of galactomannan and imaging tests complement the microbiological limitations in the diagnosis of these patients, the mortality of invasive forms depends on the clinical form and the type of host. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of galactomannan as a noninvasive diagnostic test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, in centers with limited resources where it is not possible to perform a histopathological study. Case presentation: We present the case of an 18-year-old male patient with immunodeficiency due to T lymphocyte immunoregulation dysfunction, who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with a positive galactomannan test. Conclusions: Our case report reflects the diagnosis of ante-mortem invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in an adult patient with primary T-lymphocyte immunodeficiency, non-neutropenic, in whom a histopathological study to optimize the diagnosis was not possible, and whose only tool we had was the measurement of GM. Abbreviations: GM= Galactomannan