BACKGROUND: The unrelenting pandemic of the SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) pleads for re-examining predictors of infection and containment measures, once again. AIMS: The researchers aim to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 in Jizan region to analyse the demographic details of the population, to examine the quarantine predictors and the prescription of zinc and azithromycin. METHODS: The researcher reviewed the Jizan region data obtained from the Ministry of Health of Saudi Arabia and performed a cross-sectional study from September 1st, 2020 - September 29th, 2020. The researchers surveyed people from the same region to collect and analyse demographic and quarantine data. RESULTS: The total number of positive cases was 11,752 patients in the Jizan region since the start of the pandemic. The prevalence of infection is 0.84% with a mortality rate of 1.73% (n=257). Out of 328 participants, 46.4% (n=148) acquired the infection with an admission rate of 1.6% (n=5). We noted two predictors for infection in the region: female gender and being married. Furthermore, males were more likely to be admitted than females and irrespective of age and chronic diseases. The quarantine after contact with a probable case or after travel showed an inverse relationship with the age; and in particular young females stratum, p <0.05. One third received zinc supplementation, whereas the majority 82.4% was not pre- scribed azithromycin. CONCLUSION: Overall, the researchers provide a region-specific analysis that uncovers important infection determinants for COVID-19 infection, which should be taken into consideration when designing and implementing health promotions programs.

Background: The attitude of Leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen or without completing treatment is attributed to prolonged waiting time. The impact of such behaviour and fate of such patients remain undetermined. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Left Without Being Seen (LWBS) and Left Without Completing Treatment (LWCT), analyse the contributing factors for such behaviour and the mortality rate within one week of leaving the ED. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for three months. All adult patients of more than 14 years of age who visited the ED and LWBS or LWCT were included. Patients were seen by physicians and triaged-out, and those who were directed towards the outpatient clinic were excluded. Patients were asked about the reason for leaving, and their intention to return to the same ED again via call. Results: The total number of LWBS and LWCT was 286 patients, with a response rate of 75%. The mean age was 45.8 years. About 46.6% sought medical help within seven days of leaving ED. However, the mortality rate was nil. Many patients (69.3%) reported their intention to revisit the same ED in the near future. A positive correlation was found between increasing age and admission within the same seven days’ period. Conclusion: Prolonged waiting time is a public health concern that needs management strategies, the number of patients whom LWBS and LWCT require continuous monitoring and exploration

Background: The attitude of Leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen or without completing treatment is attributed to prolonged waiting time. The impact of such behaviour and fate of such patients remain undetermined. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Left Without Being Seen (LWBS) and Left Without Completing Treatment (LWCT), analyse the contributing factors for such behaviour and the mortality rate within one week of leaving the ED. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for three months. All adult patients of more than 14 years of age who visited the ED and LWBS or LWCT were included. Patients were seen by physicians and triaged-out, and those who were directed towards the outpatient clinic were excluded. Patients were asked about the reason for leaving, and their intention to return to the same ED again via call. Results: The total number of LWBS and LWCT was 286 patients, with a response rate of 75%. The mean age was 45.8 years. About 46.6% sought medical help within seven days of leaving ED. However, the mortality rate was nil. Many patients (69.3%) reported their intention to revisit the same ED in the near future. A positive correlation was found between increasing age and admission within the same seven days’ period. Conclusion: Prolonged waiting time is a public health concern that needs management strategies, the number of patients whom LWBS and LWCT require continuous monitoring and exploration.

Background: Quarantine has been shown to affect sleep quality in previous analyses. However, a thorough investigation of the association between sleep disturbance and COVID-19 infection during quarantine is still lacking. Aim: We aim to determine the impact of quarantine on sleep quality and such impact to anxiety. We also aim to investigate the use of medication and its impact on sleep quality during quarantine. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during September 2020. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) were used. Results: The number of participants was 327, with an infection rate of 53.6% (n= 175). 60.8% (n=189) were quarantined. The mean PSQI score was 5.69 (SD=3.17), those who were quarantined had a higher score (M=6.33, SD=2.99) than those who were not (M=4.57, SD=3.23). After we control for the confounding of anxiety, the PSQI score was also higher in those quarantined (M=0.59, SD=0.26) than in those who were not (M=0.48, SD=0.31); t(120)=2.08, p<0.05. Zinc was noted to have a significant positive effect on sleep quality and anxiety level. Conclusion: This analysis provides new insight into the effect of quarantine and anxiety levels on sleep quality.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important measure of the health care encounter. It is challenging to achieve a perfect patient experience during the current COVID-19 pandemic, especially from an emergency department visit. Aim: This study aimed to assess the factors that improve patient experience during an emergency department (ED) visit in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted over a month from January to February 2021. Via an electronic survey tool, we used the de en (EQS-H) to measure patients’ satisfaction with their ED encounter. Results: The total level of satisfaction was high in 43.66% (n=224) of participants, moderate in 37.04% (n=190), and 19.29% (n=99) were unsatisfied. We noted significant predictors of dissatisfaction, including increasing age, higher educational level, and the existence of chronic diseases. A clear treatment plan and discharge instructions were important determinants for improving patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The determinants of patient satisfaction during an ED visit are an important quality marker of the emergency department encounter. Such findings should be used as a benchmark for future programs aiming to improve patients’ experience during ED visits.

Background: Patient satisfaction with an ED visit is often overlooked during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and requires further examination. Aim: We aim to investigate, on a national scale, patients’ satisfaction during their ED encounter, and to explore the determinants of such satisfaction. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis conducted between January and February 2021 throughout Saudi Arabia. Result: The total number of patients was 508. The median satisfaction score for the clarity of information provided in the ED was 40 (SD=4.94), while satisfaction with the relationship with staff and ED routine revealed a median score of 39.9 (SD=5.08). We noted several determinants of ED satisfaction, including age, marital status, educational status, clarity of the treatment plan, improvement of their condition while in the ED, verbal and/or written discharge instructions, as well as a follow-up call two days after discharge. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is an integral part of the patient-centred approach in the ED, and should be continuously evaluated.

Background: The attitude of Leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen or without completing treatment is attributed to prolonged waiting time. The impact of such behaviour and fate of such patients remain undetermined. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Left Without Being Seen (LWBS) and Left Without Completing Treatment (LWCT), analyse the contributing factors for such behaviour and the mortality rate within one week of leaving the ED. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for three months. All adult patients of more than 14 years of age who visited the ED and LWBS or LWCT were included. Patients were seen by physicians and triaged-out, and those who were directed towards the outpatient clinic were excluded. Patients were asked about the reason for leaving, and their intention to return to the same ED again via call. Results: The total number of LWBS and LWCT was 286 patients, with a response rate of 75%. The mean age was 45.8 years. About 46.6% sought medical help within seven days of leaving ED. However, the mortality rate was nil. Many patients (69.3%) reported their intention to revisit the same ED in the near future. A positive correlation was found between increasing age and admission within the same seven days’ period. Conclusion: Prolonged waiting time is a public health concern that needs management strategies, the number of patients whom LWBS and LWCT require continuous monitoring and exploration

Background, The attitude of Leaving the emergency department (ED) without being seen or without completing treatment is attributed to prolonged waiting time. The impact of such behaviour and fate of such patients remain undetermined. Aim This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Left Without Being Seen (LWBS) and Left Without Completing Treatment (LWCT), analyse the contributing factors for such behaviour and the mortality rate within one week of leaving the ED. Methods A retrospective observational study was performed in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for three months. All adult patients of more than 14 years of age who visited the ED and LWBS or LWCT were included. Patients were seen by physicians and triaged-out, and those who were directed towards the outpatient clinic were excluded. Patients were asked about the reason for leaving, and their intention to return to the same ED again via call. Results The total number of LWBS and LWCT was 286 patients, with a response rate of 75%. The mean age was 45.8 years. About 46.6% sought medical help within seven days of leaving ED. However, the mortality rate was nil. Many patients (69.3%) reported their intention to revisit the same ED in the near future. A positive correlation was found between increasing age and admission within the same seven days’ period. Conclusion Prolonged waiting time is a public health concern that needs management strategies, the number of patients whom LWBS and LWCT require continuous monitoring and exploration.