The research is exposed to the issue of multiple user structures in traction and its effect on the meaning of context, and begins with a preface to the meaning of the structures used in traction and the types of these running structures, and begins with the structures of the use addition, and the effect of these structures in the meaning of the context, and the effect of these structures in the original tow at the sculptor, then the traction with excess traction, namely the cup and the buckets and from, and the majority of their use for confirmation, and then the buckets at the sculptor, then the traction of excess buckets, which are the café and the letter and from, and the majority of their use for confirmation, and then the buckets. Like excess, then dragging by extension are the four minions of description, allowance, kindness, affirmation and the effect of synthetic diversity on meaning and context.

This paper deals with the topic of spiritual education, which is today an issue of the most important foundations for civilized progress and individual and societal advancement. Reform of contemporary society depends on reforming the human person himself, and this depends on the empowerment of moral values and the development of the spiritual aspect in contemporary man. The milestones of spiritual education, by highlighting its foundations and standing at its references, in the contemporary Moroccan experience, a modest contribution that tries to approach the topic through the intellectual project of Dr. Taha AbdulRahman, as he worked on reforming and building the human being by reviving the soul in it again. This paper has adopted a descriptive, analytical and deductive approach, and through all of this, it has reached a number of results, including: The spiritual and moral education of Taha AbdulRahman is available as a reference from religion, but religion and morals are one thing, and religion is nothing but informing of a set of supreme values. The righteousness of modern man will not be outside the representation of these values.

This study dealt with the topic of total quality under the title (The Essence of Quality as a Life Approach in Islamic Thought) and it relies on the objective interpretation approach that depends on following and studying the verses of the Noble Qur’an related to the subject. An explanation of the verses in general and what is included in the Prophet’s guidance, showing the Islamic view of comprehensive quality, its importance and its ruling. As well as showing the foundations, standards, and areas of quality in Islam, which are closely related to the life of the Muslim, but rather a method for the whole life. Then a statement of its impact on the individual and the Muslim community, in order to consolidate this great principle and to call for it in order to preserve the identity of the Islamic nation and its distinction with permanent charity. The study concluded with results confirming that quality in Islam is a legal duty and a duty for which the Muslim will be rewarded, based on the evidence of the Book and the honorable Sunnah. Quality in Islam was also built on foundations and standards that are valid for every time and place and capable of achieving development and advancement for the nation of Islam.

Abstract:This study aims to measure the impact of inflation on some economic variables in Algeria, through a standard study during the period (1990-2019), and to achieve the goal of the study, the reality of inflation and the most important variables in Algeria during the study period were reviewed. On these economic variables (economic growth rate, unemployment rate, Algerian dinar exchange rate, foreign trade coverage rate, wage growth rate and consumption volume), and to achieve this, VAR autoregressive vector models were used.

The research deals with a term of universal value to the followers of all, divine message, which is prayer. The research value lies in the fact that an accurate linguistic understanding of terms underlie an accurate understanding of the juristic message itself. This explains why there can be no assignment without message understanding. The research also answers a question; what is the significance of the term prayer for arabs and Non-Arabs? Has this term taken a juristic dimension for Non-Muslims as it is the case for Muslims? One further aim of the research is to adjust the meaning of the term prayer; show its significance and portray its historical process from past to present and future. The researcher used an inductive analytical approach to track the semantics of the term prayer in language, Qur’an, and books of People of the Book. The study revealed that the Jews have no evidence that the prayer they perform in our current time is the same God imposed on the Prophet Moses, peace be upon him. The study also showed that the People of the Book added other prayers to compensate for the prayers that are no longer appropriate to our current time by using music to revive the text and get to its spiritual meaning. Conversely, the Qur’anic and Prophetic texts are still present in the daily life of Muslims and include all the details of the religious term (prayer). The researcher recommends the necessity of expanding the comparative study of the term prayer, tracing its uses in the Sunnah as well as all the complete books of the People of the Book and organizing seminars that shed light on the importance of studying religious terminologies.

This study aimed to identify the role of Modern Technology in Promoting Change leadership of UNRWA Schools Principals in Gaza Strip Governorates and The ways to activate it. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach and also used a questionnaire consisting of 22 items divided into four domains. The study population consisted of all 278 male and female UNRWA school principals in the academic year 2021-2022. Sample size was 154 male and female school principal. The study most important findings were as the following: The degree the role of Modern Technology in Promoting Change leadership of UNRWA Schools Principals in Gaza Strip Governorates was with a relative weight of (77.05%). The study proposed a set of methods to activate the of Modern Technology in Promoting Change leadership of UNRWA Schools Principals Gaza Strip Governorates Based on the study results, the researcher recommended to develop data base program to enable student’s parent’s to follow their kids’ academic achievement via personal accounts.

This study deals with the intellectual vision of the question of reform and renewal in the light of the contemporary Arab identity of the thinker “Tariq Al-Bishri”. A brief look at the biography of the ideas of reform and renewal in the Islamic world, and an attempt to identify the paths and faculties of this biography, and how to develop its preoccupations in the light of contemporary contexts in the nation, whether through content, means, or rebuilding priorities. In sum, what is said on this subject is that the intent of the question of “reform and renewal” is to work with the Islamic reference. The inductive and analytical approach was used, and the study reached conclusions and recommendations; As for the results: That comprehensive reform is a national, national and Islamic demand, and that the peoples are primarily concerned with taking the initiative to achieve reform, which aims to achieve their hopes for a free and dignified life, a comprehensive renaissance, freedom, justice, equality and consultation. As for the recommendation: That no government, nor any single political force, could be able to lead this reform. Rather, it is a burden that must be borne by all, and that the general national reconciliation that leads to concerted efforts by all is the duty of the time, not merely to stand against the plans aimed at subjugating the region, to rise from our stumbles, to remedy our problems, and to bring about the hoped-for progress and desired progress.

Today, the world is experiencing a very big technological revolution in all fields, including the field of social communication, which has entered all areas of life, and the citizen has become in direct contact with it until it entered the bedrooms, so provisions had to be controlled so that people would not be embarrassed. The problem of the issue is: First: the speed of its spread so that the number of subscribers to it in 2019 reached (4.54) billion, and second: that every person can enter into dealing with it, regardless of his culture, education and scientific degree, which entails his responsibility for everything he watches and hears or shares his opinion on. In this sense, he is responsible for what he makes. In his research, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: social media is a double-edged sword, so we must know how to deal with it, and that the origin of the fatwa is to facilitate for people, and that knowing the purposes of Sharia and being able to them reduce the error in the fatwa And getting to know people’s conditions and ways of living is an indispensable asset for the mufti, and the mufti, when prohibited or prohibited, must find alternatives for people in light of the legal constants, so that people do not fall into embarrassment.

The study aims to show that jurisprudence is a science like other sciences of Islamic law. Rather, it is an inexhaustible knowledge. Going deeper into it allows the scholar who strives to derive rulings that are compatible with each era and that are renewed in time and space. The study also aims to show Al-Shatibi’s efforts in issuing fatwas. Despite its reliance on text from the Qur’an and Sunnah, And his adherence to the well-known saying of Malik’s school of thought, except that this did not prevent him from making ijtihad based on consideration, reasoning, and guidance in what he finds no text in. Not a saying of any of the jurists. In his fatwas, he relied on the purposes of Islamic Sharia, which are based on bringing interests, warding off evil, and eliminating harm that may befall the questioner. His approach was based on the consideration of partial evidence without neglecting the jurisprudence rules based on the establishment of people’s worldly and hereafter interests.

Modern science was able to reach good results after conducting many experiments on artificial insemination, with some legal and religious concerns. It is common for every society to have its own customs, traditions, customs, systems and beliefs. Western society has made great strides in this field, but in our eastern societies the issue is still being studied from several angles. There is no incident that does not have a ruling in Islam.. The Islamic jurisprudents of all their sects spared no effort in explaining Islam’s position on this process, and I did not make comparisons and review the opinions of the rest of the Islamic sects, due to the large number of what has been written in this field. The twelve, and it is common among these well-known jurists to say that it is forbidden for a woman to impregnate a woman with the semen of a foreign man, and that it is permissible to impregnate her with the semen of her husband.

Through this study, we aimed to address sacred sex by addressing a number of issues and problems that seemed to us necessary and decisive at the same time. The study aims to monitor the historical developments of marriage and sexual practices since the pre-Islamic stage, reinforced by cases and texts from the Arab-Islamic culture, the texts of some myths, and the conception of sexual practice contained in these texts. In this study, we relied on different approaches, and adopted an analytical approach. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is that the monotheistic religions paid great attention to sex, and surrounded it with an aura of holiness throughout history. And made it a ritual that connects the mortal to the infinite universe, and a worship that allows the individual on the earthly level to repeat what the divine power has done on the transcendent/absolute level.

The paper seeks to examine the phenomenon of vowel alternations between the second consonant of the Arabic past tense verb and its present tense through employing the theory of Apophonic morphology (Kersal-Lovenstam 1996) and studying the frequency of these verbs in a text, which we put together exploiting the lexical and morpho-phonologic sources available in Alwassit dictionary. We proceed from the Apophonic path as a logical-linguistic conception that shapes the features of the exchange within the nature of the sound melodies in order to trace the extent of its validity in relation to statistical data for the three-consonant Sound infinitive verb..

The study began with the definition of the name in the language and convention, then the sections of the name, its most prominent characteristics, and features, and it became clear from this that the term (name) is a grammatical element in the Arabic linguistic system that has its own characteristics and limitations. The prominent nominal phenomena in 11 examples of letters of administrative circulars for administrative supervisors, and this was done by tabulated census. Among the most prominent results reached by the researcher: the stability and stability of the language of administrative circulars; to rely on names. The increase in the frequency of pure nouns can be attributed to the extent that their frequency reached 716 times in the total of the applied discourses. i.e., about 69.9%, to those elements that make up this type of name and their agreement with that type of institutional discourse; This indicates that letters of administrative circulars to administrative supervisors are institutional guidance letters.

The theater is characterized as an art which is based on representative performances that reflects a story based on the conflict between characters expressing themselves through dialogue.And becausetheater is the art of people and spaces,this made it among the most common literary forms aiming at realizing the objectives that the dramatist aspires to achieve. Due to the efficiency of this art and its major role in the renaissance of nations,the theater arose in the shadows of the national movement.therefore , it used to be one of the factors that led to its developmen.It was also one of the means of the cultural resistance against the French colonization and that of educating and instructing the public as well.

It is clear to us that prophetic praise is an ancient poetic purpose, with a renewed essence of praise, thanks and mention of the prospects of the ring of prophets and apostles Muhammad, his god and peace be upon him, his recipes, morals and behaviors, and his creative material is inspired by a purely religious perspective. It is a color of expression of religious emotions, a poetry that provides for the systems of the biography of the Messenger of God, enumerating his moral and moral qualities, showing longing to see him and visiting his grave, and the holy places that are linked to his life, while mentioning his material and moral miracles, praising his conquests against infidels and polytheists, and praying for him, his family and his companions in appreciation and greatness.

In the name of Allah, all praises due to Allah. Allah’s peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his household, his companions and those who follow him. To proceed. The research examines poetic story and its aesthetic and artistic determinants. Acquiring its own characteristics that make it clearly distinguished from poetic narration and other poetic forms, poetic story is a new independent literary genre. It adopts a devised system in both form and tools. Thus, in introduction, poetic story is defined, its origin is traced, and its development is discussed. The first section probes characteristics of poetic story at the form and content levels. The second section studies the works of a poet of that genre through studying INSEKAB (SPILLING) collection by the storyteller and poet Ali Al-Sheemi. I elaborated glimpses of the poetic story to the poet as a study and research. We find out that these glimpses become clearly obvious as the poet functioned the brevity and symbolism as two main factors in his story style although it differs in topics, length and shortness. In addition, the poet, Ali Ash Shimi, functioned the cultural heritage in applying symbols and connotations through which he dealt with his issues whether they were personal or social ones. Conclusion shows the most important findings at two levels: (1) poetic story in general with reference to the study theoretical core discussed both in the introduction and the first section; (2) the analytical applied core which is studying some stories of INSEKAB (SPILL) collection.

Pre-Islamic poetry is full of rituals based on repetitions and transformations that guarantee ritual recognition of the texts for a factual? repetitive and fixed act each time it is repeated. It resembles the frameworks of rituals related to birth? marriage and death. The pre-Islamic poem carries in its traditional forms some rituals that begin with the stage of separation and estrangement? represented by the talisman pause? then moves on to its journey as a transient to the marginal? and then skips it to the stage of integration? and in the similarity between the tripartite pattern of the transit ritual and the Arab poem tripartite template Susan confirms that the repetition of this tripartite pattern in poems Arabic is due to its function as an appropriate template for conveying and preserving basic social information. Perhaps all the stages of the rites of passage in the pre-Islamic poems take place on a single content pattern represented in criticism and creation? life and death? or fertility and fertility. New life and a new attitude to life? and the camel is the most prominent means of the journey? as it is the bridge to cross from the world of weakness to the world of To challenge and force the bridge that carries the oppressed self to its goal? the pre-Islamic poem carries a repetitive ritual that achieved a clear meta-narrative technique through similar models and poets repeating the same creative method and the recipient acceptance of this method and its impact on him. The two researchers used the textual analysis method to reveal the rites of passage in the pre-Islamic poem? and the study reached a set of results? the most important of which is: that the triangular form of the pre-Islamic poem reflects some of the ritualistic circles in the society surrounding the poet? and that the pre-Islamic poet is passing through the poem’s three panels with a symbolic ritual? the poem carries meta-narrative symbols behind The recurring rituals of the pre-Islamic poets? the she-camel represented a bridge for the poet to cross from the marginal to the assimilation It also recommended a set of recommendations? the most important of which are: a study of meta-narrative techniques beyond the pre-Islamic poem? and work to reveal the textual connotations carried by the pre-Islamic poem ritual? the search in the pre-Islamic collective memory for the textual repetitions resulting from the meta-narrative.

The present study aimed to identify the The problems that face school principals in evaluating their job performance in Al Dhahirah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, also used the questionnaire to collect data and information were applied to a sample of (70) principals. The study population was represented in all school principals in Al Dhahirah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, which numbered (82) principals, The researchers used the descriptive method, which depends on the statistical analysis program in the social sciences (spss). The results of the study reached that the problems facing school principals in evaluating their job performance in Al Dhahirah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman were generally high degree.; And high degree in two Fields problems related to annual efficiency reports, and problems related to systems and work procedures, while it was moderate degree in the Field of problems related to those responsibles for evaluating performance; Results also showed that there were no significant differences at (a = 0.05) in the study variables which are sex, , academic level, an nd the educational stage.

The present study aimed to develop formation and roles of parents’ councils in schools in the Sultanate of Oman in light of the models of some countries. The study used the descriptive method, and the analysis of documents was used in collecting data and information, the results of the study concluded that the formation of parents’ councils in some countries of the world includes four categories: representatives of parents, the local community, school staff, and students, these councils also form committees to help him perform his roles. The results also showed that the parents’ councils depend on having specific roles for members, such as: the role of the president, the vice president, the secretary, and the treasurer; In addition, the Councils plays multiple roles in the areas of strategic planning, financing, evaluating school performance, and building effective partnerships with parents and the local community. The results also found that the school parents’ councils in the Sultanate of Oman do not include in their formation representatives of the local community and students, and there are no specific roles for members, and there are no sub-committees to be formed, in addition to the absence of some tasks and responsibilities for the work of the council, such as: strategic planning, evaluation school performance,

This study aimed to identify the effect of thinking maps on understanding life applications in the life sciences of the ninth grade students in Jordan. The quasi-experimental approach was used, The study population consisted of all ninth grade students at Ain Jana Secondary School for Boys, and their number was (93) students, and to achieve the goal of the study, a test of (15) questions was developed to measure the understanding of life applications in the subject of life sciences in a sample deliberately selected from Ain Jana Secondary School for Boys in Ajloun Governorate in Jordan, which consisted of (60) students, and they were appointed randomly into two groups; An experimental group, consisting of (30) students, and a control group, consisting of (30) students. The study concluded that there is a statistically significant effect of teaching life sciences using thinking maps in understanding the life applications of the study members in favor of the experimental group.

The purpose of this study is to study the extent to which academic achievement is helpful to predict the optimism and pessimism of female college students according to Snyder’s “Hope” theory. Students from Omar Mukhtar University in Baicheng, Libya, from the psychology department of two departments (Psychology and psychological counseling) Among the girls in grade 2 and grade 4, the average age was 22.00 years, and the standard deviation was 2.94 One year later, the study used achievement motivation scale and optimism pessimism scale. The most important finding was that there was a positive correlation between achievement motivation and optimism The results showed that there was no significant difference between grade 2 and grade 4 girls. In terms of achievement motivation, the results of multiple stepwise regression analysis show that optimism is the strongest predictor of female college students’ achievement motivation, which shows that female college students are full of hope.

The study aimed to identify the reality of critical thinking skills among secondary school students in Gezira state in Sudan during the year 2020, in an attempt by a researcher to answer the main question: What are the levels of critical thinking skills among secondary school students in Gezira state? The study sample consisted of (510) male and female high school students in the state of Gezira, and the sample which is the community represented both genders and different educational levels from the first year to the third year. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the inference skill ranked first among the critical thinking skills, with an arithmetic mean of (4.507) and a standard deviation of (2.238), and the explanation for this is that the inference skill dealt with the processes of generating arguments and assumptions, searching for evidence, and identifying cause and effect, all of which are operations practiced by individuals in Life in addition is largely practiced in schools and universities. The study also recommended a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of including one or more courses in teaching thinking in general, or critical thinking in particular, in the study plans for secondary school students.

This paper aims to provide a reading and presentation of the book on the role of think tanks in public policy-making: Israel Case Study by Dr. Heba Jamal al-Din Muhammad al-Arab. The importance of this paper stems from the fact that it presents one of the most significant books on public policy-making in Israel, as far as the scholar is aware, by addressing the content of the book in terms of the division adopted by the author and the main focus of the book, as well as by discussing the approach adopted and its relationship to the results obtained, as well as the main findings and conclusions, and some lessons learned from reading the book .

The study of housing is framed by an approach of rural areas generally, where the rural residence reflects the housing style as a way to organise a group of peaple in thier life within a specific .Geographical center. This study aims at identifying the predominant style of housing in that area and the most important transformations known there moreover, it concentrates on factors which contribute to those transformations. The study of housing is framed by an approach of rural areas generally, where the rural residence reflects the housing style as a way to organise a group of people in their life within a specific Geographical center. This study aims at identifying the predominant style of housing in that area and the most important transformations known there. Moreover, it concentrates on factors which contribute to those transformations. The study reached a set of results and one of the main consequences is that Ashtouka territory knows over time many housing styles. In addition, there was an impact of typographical conditions. So, the style of living was distributed according to soil, water, terrain, and the climate. Furthermore, there were human, social, and economic factors that contribute either in the concentration of population or the spread out. As a result, the modern housing is widely spread through the use of modern building materials and adopting new urban forms which are extraneous to the local environment. Besides, the study recommended a set of recommendations. First, it suggests strong housing valuation as an important earthly and heritage resource. The latter can play a basic role in the development of the region especially the rural tourism. Second, the study suggests the rehabilitation of the already existing housing or building new ones according to the local style of living where they use building techniques and traditional materials related to the local area.

The study of housing is framed by an approach of rural areas generally, where the rural residence reflects the housing style as a way to organise a group of peaple in thier life within a specific .Geographical center. This study aims at identifying the predominant style of housing in that area and the most important transformations known there moreover, it concentrates on factors which contribute to those transformations. The study of housing is framed by an approach of rural areas generally, where the rural residence reflects the housing style as a way to organise a group of people in their life within a specific Geographical center. This study aims at identifying the predominant style of housing in that area and the most important transformations known there. Moreover, it concentrates on factors which contribute to those transformations. The study reached a set of results and one of the main consequences is that Ashtouka territory knows over time many housing styles. In addition, there was an impact of typographical conditions. So, the style of living was distributed according to soil, water, terrain, and the climate. Furthermore, there were human, social, and economic factors that contribute either in the concentration of population or the spread out. As a result, the modern housing is widely spread through the use of modern building materials and adopting new urban forms which are extraneous to the local environment. Besides, the study recommended a set of recommendations. First, it suggests strong housing valuation as an important earthly and heritage resource. The latter can play a basic role in the development of the region especially the rural tourism. Second, the study suggests the rehabilitation of the already existing housing or building new ones according to the local style of living where they use building techniques and traditional materials related to the local area.

The research aims to know the great role played by the United States of America in recent years that coincided with the event during the term of President George W. Bush, as the American actions had reached a peak and led to an increase in tension between the two countries and deepened the intensity of the conflict in Afghanistan and its effects. In view of the breadth and complexity of the topic as a result of the multiplicity and diversity of the internal and external parties that drive events in the research arena, and to overcome this, the researcher chose to address the topic according to a scientific method that depends as much as possible following the chronology of events, seeking to reach objective answers that constitute the whole goal of the research. While the research relied on many and varied sources, foremost of which were published and unpublished American documents, foreign, Arabic and translated books, as well as newspapers, theses and university theses provided the research with a lot of important information that can be viewed in the list of sources. The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan on February 15, 1989, and the United States of America promised that the defeat of the Soviets in Afghanistan came thanks to the American support for the Afghan fighters, and the biggest loser in this conflict would be the Afghan people.

The study dealt with the reality of the application of forensic accounting and its role in reducing financial corruption practices in Blue Nile State banks. The study aimed to ensure that forensic accounting applied in the Blue Nile State and identify the obstacles its application. The problem of the study is what the reality of the application of forensic accounting and its role in reducing financial corruption practices in banks in Blue Nile State, the study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The results of the study are that: There is a weakness in application of forensic accounting in Blue Nile State banks. The application of forensic accounting contributes to reducing financial corruption. There are a number of constrains to application of forensic accounting in Blue Nile State. The researchers suggested some recommendations: banks should development procedures to enable forensic accounting to be apply and the importance of training banks staff in field of forensic accounting.

Iraq has gone through great circumstances and challenges since the founding of the modern Iraqi state in 1921 to the stage of 2003 and the political change that took place in the wake of the American invasion to enter the stage of democratic transition through its three stages, the democratic transition and then the democratic transition and then the rule of institutions or the consolidation of democracy, and according to the reality, Iraq It is still in the democratic transition stage without access to the rest of the joints, and there are many problems that are always raised related to the mismanagement of the state and the diagnosis of many negatives, including quotas in governance, corruption of all kinds, violence and unemployment Weapons, groups outside the law, party chaos, etc., in this research is to shed light on the new electoral law No. 9 of 2020, which came as a result of societal pressures and some political parties. And the other thing is that the political parties, whether traditional or new, are trying to adapt as much as possible to the new law in a way that serves their interests and win the highest number of parliamentary seats.

The study aimed to identify the role of analytical review in ensuring the continuity of the establishment, a field study on a sample of Sudanese audit offices in the states of Khartoum and the Red Sea in Sudan, where the problem of the study was how to use analytical review methods by Sudanese auditors working in Sudanese audit offices and its role in ensuring the continuity of the establishment In order to obtain the necessary data to complete the study, the researchers developed a questionnaire consisting of (27) items that were distributed to (130) employees in the control and internal audit departments of the audit offices, and by analyzing the data using the statistical analysis program (SPSS), The study reached many results and recommendations, the most important of which are: that all methods of analytical review have obtained a high degree of approval by the members of the study sample, as well as the results of multiple regression analysis showed the existence of a strong relationship and a statistically significant effect for all independent study variables combined (analytical review methods) in Customer satisfaction, the study also recommended the need for auditors to adhere to the analytical review procedures, both traditional and advanced, to ensure the continuity of the facility, as well as the need to use analytical review methods and train auditors in the Sudanese audit offices to use them.

Turkey’s desire to join the European Union is one of the strategic goals adopted by Turkish foreign policy during successive periods of time. It was the first request made by Turkey to join the European market in 1959, and with the arrival of the Justice and Development Party to power, a change occurred in the foreign policy orientations followed. It carried a vision Different to Turkey’s position, position and role in the regional and international arenas through its strategic location and Eurasian extensions and the possibility of openness to the countries of the world, especially after 2003. The study analyzes and reads the reasons and motives for the Turkish orientation towards the European Union after the victory of the Justice and Development Party, as well as shedding light on the determinants of the transformation of Turkish foreign policy as the result of an interaction between the state and the European Union with the development of a future vision for this relationship. functional) to analyze the function of the state and its external relations in its various forms, as indicated by The researcher deals with the historical approach to extract the values ??and results that prove the research problem and the validity of the hypothesis, and the study reached a number of results, the most important of which is that Turkey’s membership with the European Union represents the most important strategic goal in the new Turkish foreign policy, and the government is determined to carry out all the reforms that require this, and it is a message directed towards the West Who is looking for a comprehensive change in the Islamic region because of his fear of possible alternatives that affect his strategic interests.

Our research paper dealt with the appropriate methodological steps for research in the field of new media of communication and the epistemological obstacles that confront the researcher in light of a new and constantly changing media environment, The rapid and increasing growth of these media in contemporary societies that have become dependent on them as a primary means of communication, access to information and the exchange of cultures and customs, As well as in the fields of learning, economics, politics and the emergence of new patterns of communication and the formation of social relations between individuals as well as identities through these media that formed virtual societies parallel to real societies and created a system for interaction and social communication in which the conditions and rules of affiliation and mechanisms of dealing and moral rules are determined, which became part of daily life. For millions of individuals around the world, researchers have been interested and researched in these media to understand and explain their effects and the complexities of social networks, This new environment, corresponding to the real environment, prompted researchers to try to find a theoretical approach and an appropriate research method in line with the transformations of society to discover its secrets closely. Comprehensive and disciplined analysis of the communicative structure in the knowledge society model. The paper attempted to identify the transformations of society in the new communicative environment and the problem of choosing the theoretical approach and research method in media and communication sciences research.

Despite the Arab-Israeli conflict that extended for nearly a century, and the occupation of sacred Arab lands, some Arab countries have established relations with this entity under many names, including peace agreements, the case of Egypt and Jordan with the Israeli enemy, or what appeared recently under the name of agreements Peace and normalization, or what they call the (Abraham) agreements between the Arab Gulf states and Morocco with the Israeli enemy, agreements that transcend all Arab nos, all Arab and Islamic initiatives and United Nations resolutions on the rights of the Palestinian people to establish their state with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital, and that the presence of Arab and Islamic countries in the region does not It still adheres to its position rejecting the existence of this entity and the necessity of liberating Palestine or at least establishing a Palestinian state with its capital in Al-Quds Al-Sharif.

As a result of the urgent need in international relations and the interdependence of the interests of states to each other? international agreements and treaties came to arrange and organize these relations to become legal rules that states that join or ratify the international agreement or treaty are bound by. While the most important obligations that countries have after joining it is to be integrated into the law of the state and applied within its laws? some countries such as (France? Egypt?) worked to put in place a certain mechanism as mentioned above to implement the treaty on their lands The researchers used the analytical method to find out. It thus determined the value of international treaties and their legislative rank among their legislation? but also specified the competent authority to ratify them? while some countries (such as Syria? Morocco) did not organize their constitutions a specific mechanism for integrating treaties within their national legislation and the legal value of the treaty in relation to national laws? as for the situation in Palestine The amended Palestinian Basic Law of 2005 came with a legislative deficiency regulating the legal value of the international treaty in Palestine Therefore? we recommended the importance of addressing it with clear legislative texts . Article (10) of the Palestinian Basic Law states the importance of the initiative of the Palestinian National Authority and its endeavor to join international treaties and conventions that protect human rights and freedoms. The texts also neglect to specify the authority that has jurisdiction to ratify international treaties.

The circulation of the chequeamong individuals in their daily transactions, as a fulfillment tool that takes the place of money, has led to the need of Palestinian legislators. It also regulated the provisions related to the cheque, and the importance of the opposition in fulfilling the value of the chequewas of great importance that prompted the two researchers to research this topic. To find out the cases in which the drawer may object to the drawee to pay the value of the cheque, the two researchers followed the analytical method to analyze the texts contained in the law to derive the will of the legislator that it adopted. And we came to the conclusion that the legislator has limited the cases of opposition to the payment of the value of the cheque, to three cases that were mentioned by way of example, not by example, which is the case of loss of the cheque, bankruptcy of the bearer and interdiction. The value of the cheque, Especially since the drawer, after issuing the chequeand handing it over to the holder, the right contained in it is transferred to the holder according to the text of the law. Therefore, the researchers recommended the importance of identifying the stakeholder in presenting the opposition.

Since the sixties of the twentieth century, Yemen has tried to attract investments through adoption of number of mechanisms as: stimulating investment capitals, doing facilitate for them and working on implementing reform programs, beside economic and legislative restructurings that all aim at creating a suitable environment for investment polarization, but those mechanics did not achieve the desired goal for winning the bet, because of many obstacles that prevented them. For that, we will spot light on those obstacles through qualification some Yemeni economic published indexes. The main goals of this study is clarified those investment obstacles through real reading and analyzing some Yemeni economic statistics, using of descriptive method to get out its impact upon the structure of Yemeni economic system through the set of final findings that are extracted at the end of this paper.

The study tackled the Functional Performance for the social responsibility on relationship between the administrative work Ethics and the Functional Performance, the problem of the study is represented by answering the main question: to what extent the impact of Administrative Work Ethics and Social Responsibility on the labour Functional Performance in Sudanese Communication Company. The study has aimed to identify the impact of the Administrative Work Ethics and Social Responsibility on labour Functional Performance, the hypothesis came to that there is a relationship with significant statistic between the Administrative Work Ethics and the Social Responsibility on the Functional Performance. The study used the questionnaire as basic tool for data collection and information through the application of Statistical Analysis Programmer SPSS to achieve the questionnaire validity and reliability. The study has followed the descriptive analytical method, then the study has reached different results; the most important one is that there is a relationship with statistical significance between the Administrative Work Ethics and Functional Performance in the company, the term uses to encourage the creative suggestions presented by the labour, the study recommended that the company administration awareness of the Administrative Work Ethics impact on the Functional Performance and the treatment with Administrative Work Ethics as a strategic target which to support the labour Functional Performance in the term, the term have to make extensive workshops to achieve the adaptation between the well labour and their classmates with specific needs, Managers have to modify their behaviors with the labors to feel with justice and encouraging the creative suggestions from them inside the term.

The study mainly aims to know the ownership structure (percentage of government ownership, proportion of private ownership, and proportion of individual shareholders) on the financial performance of the Libyan insurance companies. To achieve this, the descriptive approach was relied on, with its documentary and quantitative inputs, and two hypotheses and six sub-hypotheses were formulated. The results of the study showed that there is a direct relationship between the percentage of government ownership and the financial performance of the Libyan insurance companies under study, and there is an inverse relationship between (the percentage of private ownership and the percentage of individual shareholders) and the financial performance of the Libyan insurance companies under study, as well as the presence of the effect of the ownership structure (the percentage of government ownership, the percentage of private ownership, the percentage of individual shareholders) on the financial performance of the Libyan insurance companies under study. The study recommended conducting more studies in the field of ownership structure in financial and non-financial institutions, and the disclosure of companies’ financial reports and their presentation on companies’ websites.

This study aimed to shed light on the concept of emerging corona virus covid -19 pandemic. This study also aimed to explain the effects of the spread of the pandemic on the Saudi economy, to identify the expected losses, and to know the most affected economic sectors during the economic crisis. To achieve these goals, we used the descriptive survey method, and a questionnaire was used to collect data related to the study variables. The study community consisted of people from Kingdom Saudi Arabia and from different age groups during the year (1441 AH – 1442 AH). The results were also extracted using the SPSS statistical program. The findings showed that there is statistical significance between the impact of the pandemic’s repercussions and the Saudi economy, and that the economy suffered, lost and was negatively affected by the Corona pandemic. The results of the study also showed that the financial and health fields were among the most negatively affected areas during the crisis.

This research aimed to identify the educator Ahmad Dam Sokon and his book “The light of Intellected”, with highlighting his life. The main question of the research is: Who is the educator Shaikh Ahmad Dam Sokon? How was his scientific life? For achieving the goal of the research, the researcher used the historical method. As a result, he reached a set of beneficial lessons, the most important of which are: 1. The high scientific status of Shaikh Ahmad Dam Sokon, 2- The appearance in many aspects of knowledge, so his many trips and goings to scientifics gave him a knowledge that led him to a great matter. 2-Many impacts left behind him, which made contemporary researchers interested in the study of his scientific heritage; which are related to the Holy Quran, Hadith and its sciences, monotheism, Language, Literature, and mathematics. 3- Beside the previous points, the scientific biography of Shaikh Ahmad Dam Sokon and his high culture, which conveys various faces that resulted in this good harvest, so he was a brilliant, educated interpreter, knowledgeable jurist, smart in astronomy, stars and Mathematics, and a skilled linguistic in Arabic.

The study’s aim depends on the theoretical hypothesis’s statement: reform in Iraq comes from the bottom to the top, not the opposite. In most countries, reform comes according to a deliberate governmental program. Whereas in Iraq, reform comes from people’s discontent toward political corruption. Thus, reform in Iraq is not a vision presented by the Government to act upon, but rather, it is relatively a government’s reaction to diminishing the uprising of the masses. This study presents the popular uprising values in reforming Iraq’s path and the Government through an analytical approach. We look into the Iraqi reality that almost reached a dead end and relied on the masses to change the parties’ equation of consensus. The study expresses the extent of the manifestation of “national identity” during the October Popular Uprising as a reforming act and the masses’ goal of “building a nation.” This study presents an analytical vision for Iraq’s future and its national identity, which brings back the people’s voice after being suppressed by the “Ethnic” and “Sectarianism” parties.

The study aimed to identify the position of Islamists towards the Qatari state and the problem of rationalizing governance in the Arab world, especially in light of the sudden rise of the phenomenon of political Islam and its rapid role in its emergence on the stage of contemporary Arab revolutions. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and the study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that there is confusion, ramifications, and overlapping schools of political Islam in the Arab world, which simplifies many controversial issues.