Export is the most crucial dynamic of foreign trade since it provides economic development and economic equilibrium in many countries. Exporting firms have to meet their export expenditures with their own equity, with the raw materials and investment goods they export in order to increase their export performance. Thus, in order to increase the export performance of automotive companies, gathering the information about factors such as existing data of export, R&D expenditures, market value, Return on Assets (ROA) and dividend payment rate is extremely important for exporters. Besides, obtaining the information about which of these factors are the most effective on exports is important for the success of exporters as well. In this study, how the independent variables (Export Rate, R&D Expenditures, Market Value, Return on Assets (ROA) and Dividend Payment Rate) affect the automotive companies’ export performance is discussed. By applying the factor analysis, which is a statistical and econometric method, the effects of independent variables on the dependent variable: the firm export performance are examined. As a result of analysis, the most effective variable on the firm exporting performance rate is R&D Expenditures. Market Value leads to an increase in the firm exporting performance rate. Dividend Payment Rate, affects cost of exports negatively and weakens the rivalry in the foreign market. The competitiveness of a country in global market depends on the well operated and stable Return on Assets (ROA) of production process. As the condition of being competitive and reducing export costs by increasing effectiveness and efficiency in monetary policies could increase productivity, exports and the firm exporting performance in the economy.

With the age of Industry 4.0 following the digital age, there is a great digital transformation in the tourism industry as well as in all industries. Digital applications such as augmented reality and virtual reality have led to the emergence of discussions about losing the professional role of tourist guides. In this research, it is aimed to determine the professional concerns of tourist guides towards digital transformation in tourism. For this purpose, it is aimed to determine the factors related to the concerns of tourist guides by developing a scale based on the research conducted by Fuller (1969) to determine the professional concerns of teachers. The effect of occupational anxiety factors to be determined on attitudes towards digital transformation in tourism with the technology acceptance model is determined. In the research, first of all, the items within the scope of the service of the tourist guiding profession is determined by scanning the literature. Expressions of concern for digital tourism is developed with the semi-structured interview technique is made with tourist guides. The survey form to be created from this point of view was applied to tourist guides. Exploratory factor and regression analysis was applied to the data obtained from the questionnaires. The relationships between the determined factors and attitudes were tested with the regression analysis. According to the results of the research, suggestions is presented to determine the future roles of guides in digitalization in tourism and to develop strategies to prevent professional anxiety. The research has an original which deal with a current and very important issue by developing a scale.

On a global scale, it is observed that maritime, which is one of the most important items in the development policies of countries, increases its value even more with the ideas of new trade routes and energy discoveries. Elements such as supply chains, port services, infrastructure and up-to-date technological capacity are more important with the proactive power that countries will reveal, both in trade and transportation and in uncovering energy discoveries under the sea. New economic methods brought by globalization and discoveries mean new opportunities for countries. At this point, the technical innovation, supply chains, transportation systems and new port management approach have been made more functional with the integration to globalization, adding value to the value of maritime transportation in the economy. In this study, by evaluating the supply chain, transportation, service and infrastructure capacity of the seas and maritime transport, what needs to be done in the port industry, strategies and integration issues, it is aimed to emphasize the importance of maritime in trade rather than wars with the understanding of ‘Port Management and Port Economy’. has been studied.

The Covid-19 Pandemic has affected the economy of Pakistan very much. The aim of this study is to estimate the overall economic contraction of Pakistan due to pandemic and lockdown measures. It also tells us that how we should keep our self well-prepared for the stability of the economy of the country in case of unforeseen pandemics and other natural disasters. The research was made using GDP, per capita GDP, GNI, un-employment rate, inflation rate, HDI and net exports as our independent variables. The sampled data of these variables were collected from the reliable sources like State Bank of Pakistan, World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Statista, and Statistical Bureau of Pakistan. The sampled data was then analyzed to check the overall economic condition of the country. In this research we have used secondary data from various reliable sources and analyzed the collected data using descriptive analysis, and regression analysis tests in SPSS software. The analyzed data is of quantitative nature. The study concluded that the current covid-19 pandemic has severely damaged the economy of Pakistan and many businesses were closed as they cannot bear the circumstances aroused due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study tells about the estimated loss due to pandemic and also reveals that which economic indicators was more affects the economy during the pandemic. This paper elaborates the effect of pandemic on the economic growth only and does not elaborate anything about the economic development of the country. The research was conducted to estimate the current downfall in the economic growth of the country due to pandemic. Further research can be made using this research to check that how long it does take to stabilize the economy.

The basic and foremost purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of educational policies on education and thedevelopment of Pakistan. The independent variables like GDP, net enrollment rate, gross enrollment rate, literacy rate, reserves for education, and HDI are used to analyze the level of development of the education sector and education is used as a dependent variable in this paper. The data was gathered from the World Bank, Ministry of Education, Statistical Bureau of Pakistan and Human Development Report. The study found that low educational budget, child labor, insufficient teachers and lack of modern teaching skills in teachers, provincial conflicts which cause unequal education and the poor and ineffective government policies are the important causes of poor education and development of Pakistan.

As a result of the economic and social developments that have been experienced, the importance of organizations in the life of society has increased. With the increase in population and change of needs, people have come to a point where they cannot fulfil their own needs. This situation has brought organizations to the fore. Organizations are established to supply the needs of people and to achieve certain goals. Therefore, organizations are the basic elements of social life due to their roles. Non-governmental organizations have emerged with the organization of people in need to support against strong state and organizations. In this study, the development of non-governmental organizations, which are important elements of social life today, and their roles in society are examined. Globalization, developments in information and communication technologies have affected the society as well as the non-governmental organizations. Recent developments show that people will need much more support to the non-governmental organizations in the future. Non-governmental organizations need to adapt to changes in order to meet these people’s expectations.

The concept of work satisfaction emerges today as an interdisciplinary concept. As in the business literature, it is possible to talk about the existence of many current studies on education and training processes. Work satisfaction, while expressing the material and moral outputs obtained by the employee for his effort, it also expresses the relationship of these values with personal value judgments. It is predicted that with the increase in the level of work satisfaction in educational organizations, student and teacher and program development studies, which are the main elements of the education and training process, will be directly positively affected. In this respect, the scope of postgraduate thesis studies has been aimed to investigate the extent of the concept of work satisfaction. Accordingly, the main purpose of the project is to analyze the postgraduate theses on work satisfaction. In this way, studies that focus on the concept of work satisfaction were examined within the scope of content analysis. The study aims to contribute to the literature on work satisfaction, which is one of the current issues of organizational behavior.

Knowledge and technology take indispensable place in developing world. Firms are in a continuous competition in the production sector. Thus, in order to be successful in this competition and get the place in market, firms should be compatible with knowledge and technology. This knowledge and technology meet with production at Technology Development Zones (TDZs) and in TDZs, manager firms are responsible for management and other important operational processes of Zone. Firms can not overcome all these tasks solely that they need to make collaboration. Collaboration process is a decision-making process, which needs to decide with whom to collaborate and there exist various criteria affect this decision-making process. Since, this process is somehow a complex one, a mathematical model as Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is proposed in this study. Data was obtained from a three parted data form, which was applied to specialists, who are occupied at Technology Development Zones in Ankara city. As compared main criteria, it is found that institutional development got highest rank among other criteria, which means when manager firm decides to make collaboration, it gives more importance on this criterion. Among the sub criteria, project improvement, intellectual property rights, activities (academic and practical ones) and social responsibilities were found as more important than other sub criteria. Among the alternatives, collaboration with universities, national and international institutes got the highest rank compared with other alternative choices. For further studies, it will be beneficial to expand the framework of this study.

In the period when economic networks are reorganized on a global scale, there is an era in which maritime is at the forefront. At a time when nations are increasing their economic functions, ports are expanding and maritime transport is increasing, the importance of dominance in the seas is also increasing. It is not a coincidence that the rise of globalization in this process, where the dominance of international trade routes and the role of strategic locations on maritime trade increase. By observing that globalization and shipping are expanding at the same rate, it will be possible to talk about a mutual benefit. At this point, the emphasis on the importance of trade routes brought by globalization is an extremely critical issue. In this study, the role of maritime dominance on international trade, which takes place in parallel with globalization and maritime transport, growth strategies at the point of dominance in the seas, current approaches in maritime transport will be evaluated under various headings.