Background: In our study, we aimed to investigate the course and frequency of cardiovascular diseases in female and men and whether there is a change in their cardiac functions in the follow-up of these patients.Material and Method: The files of the patients who applied to the cardiology outpatient clinic of our hospital due to various heart conditions were analyzed retrospectively, the patients’ coronary angiography, heart surgeries, first and follow-up echocardiographic findings were compared to between two groups as male and female.Results: Two hundred and seventy female (mean age 63.8 years) and 271 male (mean age 62.4 years) patients were included in the study.The rate of coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) and serum creatinine levels were higher in men (p<0.05).There was no dif-ference between the two groups in terms of diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dialysis treatment, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and pacemaker implantation (p>0.05). Hypertension, rheumatic MVD, Takotusbo Cardiomyopathy were more common in female than in man (p<0.05). In the clinical course of both female and men, a significant decrease in left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and a significant increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) were observed (p<0.001). The age was found an independent risk factor for both genders (p<0.05). Conclusion:CAD, degenerative MVD and heart failure were higher in men, rheumatic MVD and Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy were higher in female. LVEF was relatively protected in female,but follow-up both genders it was observed that LVEF significant decreased and SPAP increased.

ß-Blockers are prescribed by physicians for many medical reasons (hypertension, long-term prophylaxis of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, stable heart failure treatment, cardiac arrhythmias, etc.). Alt-hough cases of ß-blocker poisoning have a low rate of 0.9% among all poisoning cases, they have a high mortality rate. Metoprolol, a type of ß-blocker, is a selective ß1-adrenoceptor antagonist with sympatho-mimetic effect. This article aims to present a case who took high-dose metoprolol for suicidal purposes and to examine metoprolol poisoning and its treatment in the light of current literature.

Background: Healthcare professionals face psychosocial and emotional challenges in different areas of the hospital environment. This study is aimed at exploring the loneliness and hopelessness levels of those working in different units in the hospital. Material and Method: Nurses were the subjects enrolled in this study due to nurses being the largest group among health professionals in a variety of hospital environments. Nurses working at the psychiatry, surgery, and intensive care units in three hospitals in Istanbul were included in the survey. Nurses were administered UCLA Loneliness and Beck hopelessness scales. Results: Mean loneliness scores of nurses who worked at psychiatry clinics were lower as compared to the scores of those who worked at surgery and intensive care units (p=0.007). Mean loneliness scores of nurses who worked at surgery and intensive care units were similar. Mean hopelessness scores of the nurses who worked at psychiatry clinics were the lowest ones, and the mean hopelessness scores of nurses who worked at intensive care clinics were higher than the others (p=0.001). There were positive correlations between measures of loneliness and hopelessness feelings across all the hospital units in the study (p=0.048). Conclusion: The loneliness and hopelessness levels of nurses were affected differently depending on the work settings and conditions. It is suggested for healthcare professionals of all sorts to pay greater attention to the loneliness and hopelessness at work.

Constipation is a disorder that can result in infrequent defecation, pain, stiffness and difficult stool passage and pathogenesis is multifactorial. A 32-year-old female patient was admitted to family medicine clinic with the complaint of constipation that has been present since childhood. Dyssynergic defecation, which is one of the rare causes of chronic constipation, was detected in the patient whose etiological investigation was carried out. Chronic constipation is a condition that should be evaluated with a detailed medical history, taking into accounts the risk factors and etiological causes

Background: Organophosphates (OP) are a group of chemical agents with frequent exposure due to accidents, suicide attempts or occupational reasons consisting of agricultural and industrial usage. The aim of the present study is to examine the influence of curcumin (CUR), sulforaphane (SFN) and intralipid treatments with known antioxidant effects in OP poisoning. Material and method: In the experimental study, an OP toxicity model was created by administering a dose of 30 mg / kg p.o malathion (MAL) to 30 rats divided into five equal groups, excluding the control group. Electrocardiography (ECG) and electromyography (EMG) examinations were performed on all rats at the 2nd and 12th hours and CUR, SFN and intralipid were administered in certain doses to rats other than the control group. In the liver and kidney tissue samples taken after the rats were sacrificed at the 24th hour; Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Active Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed, whereas in the serum; Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) levels were studied. Results: PChE levels of the rats were significantly lower in the OP group, and ALT and AST levels were significantly higher. There was no significant difference in the levels of SOD, MDA and GSH. ECG and EMG results were evaluated as normal in all groups. Conclusion: the present study, it is thought that CUR may have a therapeutic effect on liver tissues in OP toxicity, while SFN and intralipid may be effective in liver tissues by showing antioxidant properties and reducing organophosphate-induced pseudocholinesterease suppression, respectively. Additionally, it is suggested that ECG and EMG alone are not sufficient in evaluating cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in the acute period.

Background: The human cadavers have been the most valuable educational tool for medical students to learn the anatomical structures belonging to human body and to study on by touching and dissecting the real tissues and organs. It also important that the medical students to take a sensitive approach on cadavers and respect their privacy. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the opinions of the students attending the Faculty of Medicine of Bursa Uludag University and the anatomists of Turkish Universities in terms of medical ethics and raise the awareness of the confidentialities of the dead bodies. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire, consisting of 23 questions were prepared using reliable and private online forms and shared with the students and academicians. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for the statistical analyses. Results: The questionnaire were answered by 89 anatomists in Turkey and 553 students who have been attending Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine. Statistically significance was observed in six different topics among 15 questions about approaching cadavers and dead body privacy between groups. Conclusion: Cadavers, as the most valuable educational tools in anatomy education, are a part of a subject that must be meticulously focused on privacy and moral values. As it is seen from the answers privacy of dead bodies is one of the most important issues in relation to the human anatomy education.

Background: Polypharmacy and nonadherence to treatment regimens confront as an ever-mounting problem in hemodialysis patients. The aim of the present study was to emphasize the importance of polypharmacy and tablet load problem and to evaluate the adherence to phosphorus binding agent treatment and to examine the factors that cause to non-adherence. Material and Method: 361 patients who were in regular dialysis program in 4 different hemodialysis centers in Samsun city were included in the study. By meeting face to face, a questionnaire that was composed of 35 questions which investigated the factors that effect the polypharmacy and treatment adherence was filled to patients by a physician. Adherence to phosphorus binding treatment was measured according to both serum phosphorus level and Modified Morisky Adherence Scale. Results: In hemodialysis patients, the mean daily used drug groups were found as 5, the tablet count was found as 10. It was determined that the phosphorus levels of % 40.4 of patients who were using phosphorus binding agents were found above the target phosphorus level that was recommended in the guidelines. According to the adherence questionnaire that was performed to the patients, non-adherence rate to the phosphorus binding agents was found 77,3 %. In addition, age, educational background, smoking and tablet load are the factors that were not found effective on the adherence to the phosphorus binding agents treatment .Conclusion: Polypharmacy and non-adherence to the phosphorus binding treatment are serious and worth-stressing problems that should be solved in hemodialysis patients. We think that more, more advanced and quality research is needed to improve adherence on this subject

Background: This study was carried out to determine the morphometry of the dry tibia bones of the Turkish population using the photo analysis method.Materials and Methods: 33 dry tibia bones were included in the study. The bones obtained were photographed with a professional camera. The photos were transferred to image processing program Image J (Version 1.53e) in jpeg format. From the images transferred, the parameters of articular surface width of medial condyle (MC-ASW), articular surface height of medial condyle (MC-ASH), articular surface width of lateral condyle (LC-ASW), articular surface height of lateral condyle (LC-ASH), distance between medial and lateral intercondylar tubercle (LMIT-D), medium width of body of tibia (BT-MW), length of total tibia (TT-L), height of medial malleolus (MM-H), angle of medial condyle-tibial tuberosity-lateral condyle (MCTTLG-A),angle of fibular notch-tibial tuberosity-medial malleolus (FNTTMM-A), height of inferior articular facet (IAS-H), width of inferior articular facet (IAS-W), distance between nutrient foramen-interosseous border (NFIB-D) were measured. Results: Morphometric analysis results were:MC-ASW 6.558±0.896 cm, MC-ASH 9.502±1.364 cm, LC-ASW 6.035±0.988 cm, LC-ASH 8.655±1.673 cm, LMIT-D 3.169±0.632 cm, BT-MW 2.382±0.312 cm, TT-L 36.784±2.734 cm, MM-H 1.296±0.209 cm, MCTTLG-A 97.14±11.63°, FNTTMM-A 7.313±0.514°, IAS-H 6.219±0.776 cm, IAS-W 6.540±1.011 cm, NFIB-D 0.958±0.326 cm. A statistically significant correlation was found between MC-ASW and MC-ASH, LC-ASW, LC-ASH parameters, between MC-ASH and LC-ASH, TT-L parameters, and betweenBT-MW and TT-L parameters (p =0.05).Conclusion:As a result of our study, the morphometry of the parameters of the dry tibia bone in the Turkish population and the relationships between these parameters were revealed

Background: To determine the rates of Microcytosis (%), Macrocytosis (%), Hypochromia (%), and Hyperchromia (%) as erythrocyte morphological parameters in Coronavirus Disease2019(COVID-19) infection, using a new-generation hematological autoanalyser, and to evaluate the use of these parameters for diagnostic purposes. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 66 patients (F:41, M:25) with COVID-19 infection confirmed by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test positivity, and 67 age and gender-matched healthy individuals (F:40, M:27) as a control group. The COVID-19 patients were separated into two groups as those with pulmonary infiltration (n=35, F/M:20/15) andthose without (n=31, F/M:21/10). The hematological parameters measured on the autoanalyzer were analyzed and compared between the groups. Results: Age and gender distribution were similar in both study groups (p=0.619, p=0.457). The White Blood Cell (p=0.040) Neutrophil (p<0.001), Lymphocyte (p<0.001), and Platelet (p <0.001) levels were statistically significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients compared to the control group and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased (p<0.001). In thecomparisons of the erythrocyte morphology parameters, Microcytosis % (p=0.011) was significantly greater, and Macrocytosis % (p=0.009) and Hypochromia % (p=0.032) were significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients. An increase was determined in Hyperchromia %, but not at a statistically significant level (p=0.059).Conclusion: From the erythrocyte morphological findings determined with the new-generation devices, the Microcytosis percentage was determined to be significantly increased in COVID-19-positivepatients, and this parameter was found to have 78.79% sensitivity and 50.75% specificity in the differentiation of COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals. Keywords: COVID-19, Microcytosis, Macrocytosis, Hypochromia, Hyperchrom

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant type among kidney tumors, with a rate of 90% in adults. Distant metastasis is seen in 30% of patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to present two very rare cases of bladder metastases. Case 1; A 65-year-old male patient with nodular thickening and mass in the bladder wall around the right ureteral orifice. Case 2; The patient, who had undergone nephrectomy operation due to a mass in the left kidney, was hospitalized with the complaint of hematuria and a mass in the bladder was detected in the examination.Although metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma to the bladder is not common, it should be kept in mind in routine control examinations and investigated for metastasis

In this case report, it is aimed to present the clinical findings and treatment of a 9-year-old girl who developed bilateral acute corneal hydrops (ACH) at short intervals. Our patient first presented with ACH findings first the right eye and then 1 month later in her left eye. At first admission, both visual acuities were at very low levels and she had advanced stage keratoconus. The patient had a history of eye rubbing accompanied by mild to moderate allergic conjunctivitis. Corneal cross-linking treatment was planned for the left eye, but it could not be performed due to the rapid development of ACH in the left eye within 1 month. In cases of advanced keratoconus accompanied by eye rubbing in young children, caution should be exercised in case it progresses to bilateral ACH.