In this bioassay, we assessed the comparative effect of antibiotic growth promoter(AGP) and of essential oil (EO) addition on the growth performance, carcass traits, and some physiological indicators in the male Ross 308 broilers. A total of 90 healthy chicks (1 day of age) were randomly allocated to three groups, each comprising 6 replicates of 5 chicks. The first group was a control without any additive in water or feed, the second one was offered a drinking water with 0.5 g/l/day of antibiotic, and the third one was supplied a drinking water with 0.5 ml/liter of EO. In this study, neither AGP nor EO supplementation affected BW, BWG, FI, and FCR (p < /em> < 0.05) compared with those fed the control diet group. AGP and EO supplemented diets had no significant effect on the carcass, breast and thigh muscles, liver, gizzard, heart spleen, and abdominal fat weight (p < /em> < 0.05). All the blood plasma concentrations under this study were not affected (p < /em> < 0.05) by AGP and EO supplementations compared to the untreated control group. In conclusion, it seems that there were no significant differences between the use of AGP or EO supplementation compared with the control group. Therefore, finding from this study demonstrated that essential oil (EO) could be used as a substitute for colistin antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) for broilers, and it’s the best strategic way to achieve healthy hygiene meat production free of antibiotic residues.

The Broad beans crop in Egypt is considered a major source of food for a great number of the population, in recent years its prices have witnessed a significant increase , despite it being considered an alternative to animal protein, whose prices have also witnessed a huge increase. This research aims to study the supply response of Broad beans crop in Egypt, through studying the production and economic indicators, also identifying the most important variables impact on response of the cultivated area, and estimating the degree of response for most important variables which impact on the response of cultivated area of Broad beans crop in Egypt, besides estimate the annual amount of response to reach the period necessary to achieve a full response. The results showed that the cultivated area with Broad bean has taken a general and statistically significant decreasing trend, reached 11.14 thousand acres, with an annual decrease rate 7.57% of the cultivated area average. The results of the supply response function also indicated that there is a logical inverse relationship between each of Broad beans cultivated area (as a dependent variable) and the farm price of lentil, Clover, Chickpeas, Flax and Onion with Egyptian pounds in the previous year (as explanatory variables).

The research aimed to study the financial evaluation of the cultivar barley units in the Shalateen area in the Red Sea Governorate, as one of the means used in providing green fodder for animal feeding, especially sheep, goats and camels. The research led to a set of results, including: (1) net present value when the discount rate is 9% about 2.445 million pounds, which indicates the feasibility of investment in this activity. (2) the internal rate of Return(IRR) was about 33.53%, which is more than the borrowing interest of the capital represented by the prevailing commercial interest rate, which confirms the feasibility of investing in the activity of cultivated barley. (3) the benifit cost ratio was estimated at 1.176 any larger than one, which indicates the feasibility of the investment. (4) the Pay-back Period (PBP) was estimated at 1.714 years, which indicates the possibility of recovering the invested capital within two years from the start of the project . (5) the return on investment rate was about 27.12 %.(6) sensitivity analysis of barley cultivation units has been carried out, however, the internal rate of Return is still greater than the opportunity cost of capital investment in the community and therefore it is recommended to make the decision to accept investment in barley cultivation units. Therefore, the research recommends the need for expansion in the cultivation of cultivar barley, especially in desert areas with low pastoral Plants.

To investigate the relationship among field capacity (FC) in–situ and laboratory determinations of soil moisture content under different applied pressures of different soil textural classes, one hundred and sixty-eight of surface samples were collected. The collected samples were classified to seven groups based on the USDA texture triangle. Simulated field determinations of in-situ FC were done and the obtained results revealed that the elapsed time to reach FC and the values of soil moisture tension are different according to soil textural class. Generally, increasing water-holding pores and/or fine capillary pores, both moisture tension at FC (hfc) and elapsed time to reach it after heavy irrigation (tfc) are increased. Sand and loamy sand soils, have the highest significant correlation coefficient between in- situ FC and soil water content balanced with 60 mbar of applied pressure. While sandy loam soil achieves the highest significant value of correlation coefficient, at 100 mbar of applied pressure. The significant correlation coefficients among FC - in situ - and soil moisture content balanced with 330 mbar of applied pressure of the other soil textural classes under study are found.

Manufacture of virtually all milk and dairy products involves heat treatment, with the goal of killing bacteria and inactivating enzymes, among other things. Thermal reactions, on the other hand, might result in undesired changes such as protein denaturation, non-enzymatic browning, the creation of a cooked flavour, nutritional quality loss (vitamins and volatile chemicals), bacterial inhibitor inactivation, and rennet ability deterioration. Over and above the thermal processes are characterized as the most energy-consuming technologies in the food industry. As a result, a number of contemporary developments and non-thermal technologies have been investigated and found to have no negative impact on milk quality; for example, High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), Ionization Radiation, Ultrasounds (US), Pulsed electric fields (PEF), carbon dioxide, High Voltage Arc Discharge (HVAD) , Cold Plasma (CP), Bio-control cultures, Non-conventional chemical reagents, Ozonation, and Protective and preserving packaging technologies for processing milk have devised to replace heat treatment. The focus of this review is on certain non-thermal processing innovation as an emerging technology and its application on dairy products.

Various hibiscus species such as Hibiscus rosa sinensis linn, Hibiscus malvaviscus arboreus, Althaea rosea, Hibiscus rosasinensis sp, Hibiscus schizopetalus, Hibiscus china rosa, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf) were collected from Antoniades Gardens in Egypt. These species were very similar in morphology of the flowers and leaves, thus morphological markers traits use to identify these different Hibiscus species is limited and less accurat because they are strongly influenced with environmental conditions. Therefore, using molecular markers of DNA for plants considered to be more accurate than morphological markers. In this study we used eight primers from (RAPD), five (ISSR) primers and four (SSR) primers for the analysis on these species of Hibiscus. The results showed for all primers were as follows; the total number of the polymorphic fragments of RAPD, ISSR and SSR were 89, 72 and 15; respectively, with an average polymorphism about 97.75%, 98.61% and 100%; respectively. Moreover, the dendogram for the phylogenetic tree analysis of RAPD was divided into two main clusters, the first cluster has C7 (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) and the second cluster comprised the other species. For ISSR phylogenetic analysis, the dendrogram was divided into two main major clusters, the first cluster had C3 (althea rosea), C7 (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and C8 (hibiscus cannabinus) and the second cluster comprised the other species. Whereas, for SSR phylogenetic analysis, the dendrogram was divided into two main major clusters, the first cluster had C2 (Hibiscus malvaviscus arboreus) and the second group comprised the other species.

Kishk is a natural functional food as minor constituents that are deficient in milk are supplemented by cereals. It also widely consumed in the diet of many people in the Middle East, especially Upper Egypt. This work was conducted at Dairy Department laboratories, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University as well as laboratories of Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. The aim of this paper is to investigate replacing bulgur by different percent of broken faba bean seeds (by-product) and type of milk on compositional, nutritional, microbiological, and sensory qualities of Saidy kishk to increase the added value viewpoint of economical and nutritional. The results indicated that there were a significant differences in physiochemical properties, i.e. moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrates contents, pH and titratable acidity, essential amino acids, mineral contents such as Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Fe, microbiological properties, TBC and LABC as well as sensory properties of Saidy Kishk samples as a result of replacing bulgur by different percent of broken faba bean seeds by 25 and 50% or change the studied milk type, i.e. full cow milk, skimmed milk or Laban zeer. This study concluded that Saidy Kishk samples manufactured from 50% B+50% Fb with skimmed milk had the highest values of threonine (3.75%), leucine (10.91%), lysine (6.47%), phenylalanine (5.33%), valine (4.88%), histidine (3.11%), Ca (319.67mg), Mg (172.00mg), K (1117.67mg/100g DWB) and Fe (7.19 ppm). Therefore, it is suggested that this formula of Saidy Kishk samples could be used to increase the added value viewpoint of economical and nutritional.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation on some hematological and physiological parameters of Aberdeen Angus cows. Twelve cows were divided randomly into two equal groups (6 cows each) and each group was treated for 150 successive days. All experimental animals were fed 60% of their requirements as a concentrate mixture and the rest of other requirements was covered from wheat strew ad-libitum. In addition to basal diet, animals in experimental group were supplemented with 30 g betaine hydrochloride per day. Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded during the experimental days to calculate the current temperature–humidity index (THI). Blood samples were collected during experimental period from jugular vein. Rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR), respiration rate (RR), skin temperature (ST) and hair temperature (HT) were recorded during the experimental days. The obtained results showed that the average values of THI were between 71.6 to 74.78 at 08:00 am and 77.09 to 83.01 at 02:00 pm during the experimental period which indicates exposure of animals to heat stress. There were no significant differences among groups in WBC, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT. Moreover, RBC and HGB was higher (P < 0.05) in betaine group than control. adding betaine had no significant decrease in RR, ST, HT and ET. While, significant decrease in RT and PR was observed at 02:00 pm of experimental animal. It is concluded that betaine may be improved some hematological parameters and thermoregulatory responses of Aberdeen Angus cows under New Valley arid areas.