IL-7 is one of the very important cytokines in the regulation and maintenance of immune responses. IL-7 has been described as a very pivotal lymphocyte development, homeostasis, and activation mediator. Recent studies focused on the pathways influenced by IL-7 and their role in innate and adaptive immunities. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical cytokine in the development and homeostasis of T cells, as well as the signaling of other immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells. IL-7 signaling is also important for the majority of T cell functions and disease associations, which include protection against infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and tumor malignancies. This paper reviews the current findings on IL-7 and its role in the immune response, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of signaling pathways it induces and its effects on lymphocyte functions, therefore opening a window for a future therapeutic application. It also presents recent research findings on the role of IL-7 in the diseased state dynamics of many illnesses, which consequently underscores possible therapeutic applications while simultaneously pinpointing the shortcomings in the existing knowledge regarding the biology of IL-7.

Despite their discovery in the early nineteenth century, chalcone compounds have evolved and played a significant role in medical and industrial applications. The most important feature of these compounds is that they contain two active groups (C=O and C=C), which give high biological effectiveness to pharmaceutical compounds. In both their synthetic and natural forms, chalcones have demonstrated a variety of biological properties, including antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antimitotic, antimalarial, and antiviral properties. This review included preparation methods, cofactors used, chemical reactions, and biological applications for the last years.

Dissatisfaction with health services is a situation where consumer expectations are not the same or higher than the performance received from the service (Kotler and Keller, 2018). Factors that can cause patient dissatisfaction in the Emergency Room (IGD) are the staff’s less communicative attitude and slow response time where patients are not treated quickly. Nurses’ communication skills and fast response time are important in-patient satisfaction (Karin, 2018). The satisfaction felt by patients is closely related to the services provided by nurses in the ER (Dewi, 2019). If needs are not met, consumers may switch to other services (Linda, 2018). Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Southeast Asia Region in 2019, it shows that around 45% of health service users were satisfied with the services provided, around 55% stated they were dissatisfied with the services provided (Septiadi, 2019). Dissatisfaction with health services in Indonesia in 2019 reached 28.76% (RI Ministry of Health, 2019). In East Java Province, emergency room patient dissatisfaction in 2019 reached 34.70% (East Java Health Office, 2019). According to the 2019 Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health Regulations, the Minimum Service Standard for patient satisfaction is above 95%. If health services are found with a satisfaction level below 95%, it is considered that the services provided do not meet minimum standards, and the level of patient satisfaction is low (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2019). The results of Virgo’s research (2018) in the emergency room at Bangkinang Regional Hospital regarding the relationship between response time for emergency room services for 98 respondents, the results showed that there was a relationship between response time and the level of patient satisfaction. Likewise, the results of Karame & Husain’s (2019) research on the Relationship between Nurse Response Time and Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Room at Sanana Hospital on 38 respondents, the results show that there is a relationship between Nurse response time and Patient Satisfaction. This shows that response time in the ER has an impact on patient satisfaction with the services provided. Kusumo’s research (2017) in the emergency room at Yogjakarta Regional Hospital found that nurses’ therapeutic communication had an effect on patient satisfaction in the emergency room. Research by Meikayanti et al (2020) regarding the relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction at the Tabanan Regency Regional Hospital with a total of 67 respondents, with the results that there was a relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction. Muninjaya (2004) states that communication is a factor that influences patient satisfaction. Therapeutic communication is the process of providing advice to patients to support planned healing efforts, where information is given well and patient complaints are handled quickly by nurses. However, no research has yet been conducted that combines response time and therapeutic communication of nurses in the Emergency Room with patient satisfaction. Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting research on the relationship between response time and nurses’ therapeutic communication skills on patient satisfaction, especially in the emergency room installation at Lavalette Hospital of Malang City.

Background: Mutations in the copper transport gene KCNJ11 cause Diabetes Mellitus, a rare inherited autosomal recessive condition of copper metabolism with hepatic and mental symptoms. The Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) method was used in a study to examine the possible effects of protein coding variants on function. SIFT is a computational technique that is frequently used to forecast the outcomes of missense variants, which are single nucleotide changes in the DNA sequence that lead to the replacement of one amino acid with another in the protein. Objective: This studys objectives include determining the degree to which gene KCNJ11 mutations contribute to the development of Diabetes Mellitus assess whether the observed variations in the KCNJ11 gene would potentially affect protein function and thus contribute to the development of genetic disease. Understanding the impact of protein structure on the SIFT results is emphasized in the paragraph. Methods: We used the SIFT tool to analyze mutations occurring in the KCNJ11 gene because this gene is of particular interest due to its association with certain genetic diseases. Results: According to the studys findings, the SIFT tool identified the majority of the changes detected in the samples examined (particularly a (G>C) variance) as tolerant, this implies that these specific variants are unlikely to have a major influence on protein function and, as a result, are less likely to contribute to the development of the examined genetic disorder. The results, however, showed two variants (G>T and C>T) that SIFT categorized as intolerant in some of the sample instances. These particular alterations are likely to impact protein function and may be of relevance for future research into their relationship with the investigated hereditary disorder. Conclusions: Overall, the work emphasizes the utility of employing the SIFT method to predict illness outcomes based on coding variants and protein function. Researcher was able to get insight into the possible influence of polymorphisms in the KCNJ11 gene on protein function and their relevance to genetic disease detection by using this computational technique.

Introduction: Hypertension nowadays is a major community health problem. It is high prevalence, which becomes an important area of research, which is also a major possibility for circulatory diseases and other complications. The study aims to Adherence of diet among Hypertensive patients at Khartoum State – Sudan (2021-2024). Methodology: hospital-based longitudinal surveillance study carried out among 203 patients with hypertension, who admitted/attended to Khartoum Governmental hospitals during the period from 2022 year. Data collected through direct interviewed questionnaire, Analysis was done by using SPSS 26.0 version software, descriptive statistics with the use of frequency and percentages, inferential statistics with Chi-square test, and P value = 0.05 considered as significant. Results: Majority of them 79(38.9%) within age group >50 years, 131(64.5%) were male, 141(69.5%) were married. The duration of hypertension was 1 – 5 years in majority. Controlled blood pressure was reported in 59(29.1%). The overall patients knowledge regarding hypertension disease in majority 81(39.9%) was poor, followed by 63(31%) was fair, and 59(29%) was good. Diet adherence was poor in majority 117(57.6%), and good in 26(12.8%). Regarding follow up, 89(43.8%) had regular follow up. Most of patients with good diet were had normal blood pressure or first stage hypertension. (p value=0.021). Exercise adherence was associated with patients age (P value= 0.001), marital status (P value= 0.001), and education level (P value= 0.009). Stage e of hypertension was not associated with good patients exercise. (P value=0.339). Conclusion: Patients with good knowledge are more likely to adhere to their medication regimen, and good dietary adherence is significantly associated with better blood pressure control, this emphasizing the importance of educational interventions and indicating that dietary management is crucial for hypertension control.

This systematic review addresses the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rehabilitation approaches, comparing traditional and modern methods. Conventional approaches are based on rigid protocols and predetermined phases, which can limit the individualized recovery of patients. In contrast, modern protocols emphasize functional criteria, allowing for adaptive progression according to each patients physiological and biomechanical response. Neuromuscular training has emerged as an essential tool in ACL rehabilitation, contributing to improved proprioception, balance and dynamic stability of the knee. The use of advanced technologies, such as inertial sensors, bi feedback and computerized biomechanical analysis, has allowed for a more precise and efficient approach to monitoring recovery. Another fundamental aspect of modern rehabilitation is the consideration of psychological factors, such as fear of re-injury, which can negatively impact the patients confidence and performance. Strategies such as the use of the ACL-RSI scale have been incorporated to assess and strengthen the mental component during recovery. The decision on whether to return to sport should be based on multiple criteria, including muscle strength, symmetry of movement, resistance to fatigue and joint stability. Studies indicate that athletes who return before 9 to 12 months have a significantly higher risk of injury recurrence, highlighting the importance of careful and individualized planning. In conclusion, ACL rehabilitation is constantly evolving, and the adoption of approaches based on functional criteria, psychological support and technological innovation has shown better clinical outcomes and lower recurrence rates. Professional training and greater access to these technologies are essential to optimize results and ensure effective patient recovery.