The article examines Vietnam s ability to supply coffee to the EU market based on data from 2019 to 2023 in the context of digital transformation being applied in many components in the supply chain. The relevant data are obtained from the Trade map, International Trade Center and the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. The article analyzes Vietnams coffee supply capacity to the EU market, through a survey to examine the factors affecting coffee exports to this region. Research shows that Vietnams market share in the EU market is gradually decreasing, while the market share of Brazil, Germany and Italy is trending up. Some solutions have been proposed, such as Vietnamese coffee producers needing to focus their resources on production, deep processing, and building a Vietnamese coffee brand to promote regaining their position and increase market share in Vietnam. EU market.

Before going into this topic, we must clarify the concept of "Happiness" from the perspective of "Philosophers". as well as the term "Happiness" of "Theologians". If "Philosophy" studies happiness from the perspective of human reason and that reason proves that happiness is the satisfaction of humans internal "material and spiritual" needs in a direct or indirect way (the current understanding is that this perception is proven from scientific theory). Or we can understand Philosophy as the truth of reason. Then "Theology" of happiness belongs to the belief of man about God revealing the world (Gods revelation to man is to create needs for man and give man to satisfy those needs), Theology is the truth of faith. However, that faith is not only expressed in words but must be lived out in real life of man. And that happiness lies nowhere else but in the truth of truth. Mans happiness is the truth that reigns in the relationship between man and God and between man and man. Jesus said: “The truth will set you free” [John 8:32]. That is true liberation, that is true liberation. Truth is truth.

Technology has become integral to modern education, transforming teaching methods and classroom dynamics. For English language teachers, it offers opportunities to create engaging, interactive, and adaptive learning experiences through tools like language learning apps, virtual classrooms, and multimedia resources. However, the availability of technology alone is insufficient. Educators must develop digital literacy, resource management, and adaptability to maximize the benefits of technological integration. This article explores the critical role of resource utilization skills in English language teaching (ELT). It highlights how these skills empower teachers to address diverse learner needs, adapt to various learning styles, and overcome traditional challenges in language instruction. Effective use of technology enhances engagement, enables personalized learning, and improves student outcomes. Despite these benefits, barriers such as limited training, resistance to change, and inadequate infrastructure often hinder technology adoption. The article offers actionable recommendations, emphasizing the importance of training programs, continuous professional development (CPD), and institutional support to equip teachers with essential skills. By addressing these gaps, this research advocates for empowering educators to effectively integrate technology into ELT. The findings guide educators, policymakers, and institutions in fostering a technology-driven teaching environment that meets evolving educational demands and enriches learning for students worldwide.

This study explores the impact of digital marketing, particularly through website optimization, on the export performance of PT Fortuna Sukarasa Indonesia, a plywood supplier in the global market. As digital marketing becomes increasingly essential for expanding international reach, this research investigates how website optimization, SEO strategies, and social media integration contribute to improving export outcomes. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative data on export growth and qualitative insights from interviews with the companys marketing team. The results indicate that the effective use of SEO has significantly enhanced the companys global visibility, resulting in increased international inquiries and sales. Furthermore, features such as live chat and detailed product catalogs on the website have improved customer engagement and trust. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as regulatory certifications, logistics costs, and meeting international standards remain significant obstacles. The study recommends continued optimization of digital strategies, the integration of AI for personalized marketing, and closer collaboration with logistics partners to address these challenges. The findings provide valuable insights for other SMEs in the plywood industry and beyond, illustrating the importance of leveraging digital tools to enhance export performance.

Social Studies is one of the core subjects at the primary level of education which all pupils are exposed to. Despite the importance and relevance of social studies, the academic performance of pupils in the subject has been on a dwindling fall. The study investigated the effect of individualized learning strategy on pupils academic performance in Social Studies in Ilorin West Local Government of Kwara State. The study adopted a pre-test, post-test, and control group quasi-experimental design. Four schools were selected using simple random sampling technique. The data collection instrument was the Social Studies Achievement Test (SSAT). The reliability coefficient of the instrument was obtained using PPMC at 0.74. Frequency counts, mean and percentage were used to analyse the demographical data of the participants. At the same time, all the null hypotheses were tested using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) all at 0.05 significance level. The results revealed that there was a significant main effect of individualized learning strategy on pupils academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State (F (1; 151) = 24.714, P < 0.05), there was no significant interaction effect of individualized learning strategy and gender on pupils academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State (F (1; 151) = .936, P>0.05), there was no significant interaction effect of individualized learning strategy and school type on pupils academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State (F (1; 151) = 3.607, P>0.05), and there was no significant interaction effect of individualized learning strategy, gender, and school type on pupils academic performance in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State (F (1; 151) = .004, P>0.05). Based on these findings it was concluded that the effectiveness of individual learning strategy on pupils academic performance, surpasses traditional instructional methods. However, the study findings suggested that the impact of individualized learning strategy on pupils academic performance is not significantly influenced by gender, school type, in Ilorin west local government Kwara State. It was recommended among others that he effectiveness of individualized instruction strategy on pupils academic performance, has been established. Consequently, teachers should be educated on the efficacy of using individualized instruction strategies in teaching pupils through well-organised seminars and workshops.

The study sought to investigate the extent of postgraduate students level of satisfaction with thesis supervision and completion in the University of Education, Winneba. The sequential explanatory design was used to carry out this study. The population of the study comprised students who offered postgraduate programmes, postgraduate thesis supervisors, and Deans of the various faculties. A cluster, simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select the respondents. A sample of 72 respondents were involved, 62 students answered the questionnaire while 10 supervisors were interviewed. The study found that more than half (56.5%) of the participants were familiar with the rules, regulations and procedures concerning postgraduate studies. More than half (53.2%) were not assigned supervisors in the first year and 6 out of 10 participants in the interview said that thesis topics were not approved. It was further found that two-fifth (40.3%) of the participants were satisfied with their supervisors availability or accessibility for consultation. Again, one third (33%) of the participants were satisfied with the ability of their supervisors keeping to timelines. The study recommends that monitoring and tracking of students study plan and progress reports by postgraduate coordinators and supervisors should be intensified in all postgraduate programmes and to submit annual report on all research postgraduate students.

To examine the socialization problems caused by substance addiction, especially among young people, in a much deeper way and to explain, analyze and discuss its effects on this issue in detail. By better understanding the social effects of substance addiction among young people, it is increasingly necessary to comprehend how and in what ways this addiction has such a profound impact on young peoples lives, to raise public awareness on this important issue and to give it due importance. In this context, substance abuse is a complex, multi-dimensional and multi-layered phenomenon that affects not only individuals but also all segments of society. Therefore, it is important and urgent to address not only the individual but also the social dimensions of substance abuse among young people in detail. In addition, the seriousness of this situation for the younger generation should not be underestimated. More emphasis will be placed on how it affects the socialization processes of young people, and detailed and remarkable emphasis will be made on what measures can be taken to prevent this addiction and to enable young people to establish healthier social relationships.

Teachers in border regions are the driving force behind the development of education in these areas. Enhancing the professional competence of teachers in border regions is a "green" path to promoting sustainable education development in these areas. The higher the precision of targeted training within the region, the greater its effectiveness. Precision training means that the content and methods of training meet the essential needs of teachers in border regions, align with their current levels, stimulate internal motivation and potential for professional growth, and ensure teacher participation and satisfaction.

To explore the efficacy of AI-powered storytelling in enhancing undergraduate students language skills, including vocabulary development, pronunciation, grammar, and sentence structure, in this case study, participants experiences with AIpowered platforms such as AI Dungeon, Plot Factory and Replika were examined. The research utilized narrative recordings together with weekly self- evaluation questionnaires spanning 13 weeks as the data collection approach along with whole-task analysis and language frameworks for analysis. The research proves that AI storytelling automation generated substantial progress in vocabulary improvement, pronunciation quality and sentence generation although grammar and discourse skill development faced diminishes. In addition, the current study confirms the claim that AI-powered tools promote learner independence and motivation, in compliance with multimedia and sociocultural theory in learning. Nonetheless, several limitations, such as a short duration for the study, diversity in participants, and AI moderation concerns, have been discovered. AI-powered storytelling holds significant potential in language instruction, with significant implications for curricula, teacher training, and AI-powered educational platforms.

Lingerie advertising has traditionally been targeted at women, emphasizing themes of sensuality, empowerment, and self-expression. However, men also play a significant role in lingerie consumption, both as buyers and as influencers in purchasing decisions. This study examines mens perceptions of lingerie advertising in Indonesia, focusing on the Nipplets brands “Real People, Real Body” campaign through a video ad titled “Every Boobs Matters”, which promotes body inclusivity and self-confidence. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Indonesian men aged 20-45 to explore their responses to inclusive lingerie advertisements. The findings reveal that mens perceptions are influenced by cultural and societal norms, with urban participants showing greater acceptance than those from conservative backgrounds. Additionally, participants appreciated campaigns that emphasized comfort over sensuality, marking a shift in traditional marketing narratives. This study contributes to gendered advertising research and provides practical insights for lingerie brands in navigating cultural sensitivities while promoting inclusivity in Indonesia.

The United States is said to be a superpower that is strong in science and technology. It is not an exaggeration if the United States is also called the worlds police. Public policy those made by the United States are always fraught with its economic interests. Domination a region framed by equal state relations on the basis of human rights always became the entry point for the American nation in carrying out the politics of domination. Public policy made by the United States is certainly oriented towards its interests. The concept of nation is natural America Number One by its leader has certainly made its global policy always oriented towards his interests. In the current global arena and its developments, the United States always make policies that benefit him, in this case his economic interests.

The study investigated the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational resilience in fast food firms in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State of Nigeria. The inquiry was guided by cross-sectional with a population of 80 individuals spanning across 8 businesses and Taro Yamene was used to determine a sample size of 66. The sample was distributed via Bowleys 1964 formula to the companies. Data were gathered through structured questionnaire and were subjected to descriptive (mean and the standard deviation) and inferential (Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient) analyses. The instrument was on five-point Likert Scale which was validated by experts and internal consistency was established through Cronbach Alpha reliability model. The analytical results revealed that human and organizational, capital have positive and significant relationship with situation awareness and vulnerability management. It was concluded that intellectual capital has a significant influence on resilience of an organisation. The researchers recommended base on the findings that Fast-food firms in Bayelsa state should invest in human, develop individual skills, expertise, technological know-how, and life experiences of employees and management, make deliberate effort to develop capabilities such as information systems, processing, databases, documents, patents, enterprise reputation, copyright, ready-made or readily available programs, organization policies, intellectual property, and culture.

The content of the article aims to clarify the transformation between natural power and social power, in which humans are the mediators of this transformation. The power of nature becomes the power of each individual, but the total power of individuals becomes social power. The power of society becomes the dominant force; individuals become products, and it carries the instinct of a species. The content is approached from human philosophy and social philosophy, at the same time using qualitative methods to analyze, synthesize, compare, and contrast between individual, natural, and social power. In particular, the inversion method clarifies the transformation between natural and social power in the commodity economy. The conclusion affirms: first, human survival is always unified, balanced, and transformed with nature, making the power of nature become the power of humans; second, human life is separated from the natural world, making humans different from other species. The life of other species has the instinct of possession, but human life satisfies the ability, which is creativity; third, human creativity is divided into subjects and products. Products are not only the object of survival but also the power of their fellow species, which is social power; fourth, social power becomes the force that dominates humans, manifested in the life of standards and money; fifth, standards and money dominate human life, manifested in the exploitation and transformation of nature, causing ecological imbalance, environmental pollution, and depletion of natural resources caused by money and different standards.

This study explores the role of social workers in fostering community cohesion and conflict resolution, focusing on their contributions to promoting social solidarity, empowering individuals, and facilitating sustainable development in Ogun State. Through a qualitative approach, the research examines the various strategies employed by social workers to strengthen social networks, mobilize communities, and address intergroup tensions. The study highlights the importance of community-based initiatives, such as collaborative projects, empowerment programs, and conflict resolution training, in building resilient and cohesive communities. Social workers involvement in enhancing communication, cooperation, and trust within communities is shown to be pivotal in addressing key social issues, including poverty, discrimination, and mental health challenges. The study further underscores the significance of negotiation, mediation, and collaborative strategies in conflict management, aiming for long-term social harmony and peace. The findings suggest that social workers play a critical role in equipping individuals and communities with the necessary skills and resources to navigate social challenges, thus fostering sustainable development. The study calls for enhanced capacity-building initiatives, policy support, and resource allocation to strengthen social work interventions and improve outcomes for communities in need.

The Study Investigates the Effects of Competency Tests on the Practicing Teachers in Primary Schools under Kaduna State Universal Basic Education, 2017-2023. The major objective is to examine the impact of the competency tests on teacher motivation, teacher quality, and pupils educational outcomes. A descriptive survey design was employed, with an estimated population of 1,000 primary school teachers as respondents from the three geo-political zones. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. However, only 652 respondents completed and returned the questionnaire, representing 65.2%. A Likert rating scale was used to analyze teacher perceptions of the competency tests. The finding reveal that competency test has a significant positive effect on the teacher motivation, and professional development. However, concerns regarding test fairness and anxiety persist. The study concludes that competency test can be effective tool for enhancing teacher quality, but it is crucial to address challenges related to test fairness, anxiety, inadequate manpower training, and infrastructure deficit. Recommendations include ensuring test validity, support for teachers, sustainable funding, and addressing infrastructure gaps. The findings contribute to the global discourse on education reform and innovation.

Understanding culture in foreign language teaching plays a crucial role among teachers, as language is not only a communication tool but also a medium for expressing and reflecting the cultural richness of its speakers. Teachers cultural knowledge positively influences their motivation, interest, and confidence in communicating fluently. This study aims to identify Arabic language teachers knowledge of Arabic culture and the importance of cultural knowledge in teaching Arabic in schools. This research is a literature review, gathering relevant information and data from scholarly books, research studies, reports, and other sources, both written and electronic. Findings indicate that Arabic language teachers need to comprehend cultural elements such as traditions, values, social norms, and Arabic history. Additionally, the study reveals that Arabic cultural knowledge significantly enhances teachers motivation in Arabic language teaching and promotes culturally responsive teaching, integrating cultural traits, experiences, and students perspectives to make learning more effective. By analyzing teachers knowledge and awareness of Arabic culture in the teaching context, this study provides deeper insights into how Arabic cultural knowledge can influence and enhance Arabic language instruction.

This paper interrogates how elements of African-American cultural practices that were imported to Lagos by returnee slaves influenced the social changes that heralded the emergence of a new form of popular music in Yoruba land. The paper also examines how this popular music of the Yoruba people made a stylistic return to the western shores and are now gaining recognition. The paper hinges on the intercultural theory by Akin Euba. Exploring ethnomusicological approach, the paper relies on archival and ethnographic sources to extrapolate data. Discussions in this paper are tailored towards establishing how the musical practices which were hitherto of African origin, were taken to America and Europe by captured slaves from Yoruba hinterlands, returned to Yoruba land and contributed in forming a musical identity that eventually shaped the history of popular music development in Yoruba land. The study samples genres of music like Highlife, Juju, Afro-beat, including recently introduced hip-pop in Yoruba land which owe a part of their birth to trans-Atlantic experiences of the slaves. Today, these particular genres of music fall into the category of World music in both the America and the Western world. This paper concludes that these genres of music, birthed in Yoruba tradition (African in general), transported to the America, later made a return to Yorubaland, historically, cannot be totally severe from slave of Yoruba extractions interactions with the Western world. The paper prolongs discussions on identity formation beyond African-American to how the American experience of slave returnees have shaped the Yoruba identity.